Albuminuria-Related Genetic Biomarkers: Replication and Predictive Evaluation in Individuals with and without Diabetes from the UK Biobank.

Increased albuminuria indicates underlying glomerular pathology and is associated with worse renal disease outcomes, especially in diabetic kidney disease. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with albuminuria, could be potentially useful to construct polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for kidney disease. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of SNPs, previously associated with albuminuria-related traits, on albuminuria and renal injury in the UK Biobank population, with a particular interest in diabetes.

Identifying individuals at risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma: challenges, existing tools and future steps.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to discuss some of the clinical and epidemiological challenges of risk prediction models; summarize the evidence supporting existing models; and highlight the translational requirements.

Recent Findings: A variety of risk prediction models exist to identify prevalent Barrett's esophagus or predict future esophageal adenocarcinoma. External validation studies have investigated performance of these models in a variety of settings.

Clinical Prediction Models for Pancreatic Cancer in General and At-Risk Populations: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Identifying high-risk individuals using a risk prediction model could be a crucial first stage of screening pathways to improve the early detection of pancreatic cancer. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the published primary literature on the development or validation of clinical risk prediction models for pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles from the inception of each database up to November 2021.

The current and future incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in 185 countries, 2020-40: A population-based modelling study.

Background: To examine global patterns of gastric cancer in 2020 and the projected burden in 2040.

Methods: Data on primary gastric cancer were extracted from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2020. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by sex, country, world region and level of human development index (HDI) for 185 countries.

Weight Change and Incident Distal Colorectal Adenoma Risk in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.

Background: Although obesity is a known risk factor, the impact of weight change on colorectal adenoma risk is less clear and could have important implications in disease prevention. We prospectively evaluated weight change in adulthood and incident colorectal adenoma.

Methods: We assessed weight change during early-late (age 20 years to baseline, ie, ages 55-74 years), early-middle (20-50 years), and middle-late (50 years-baseline) adulthood using self-reported weight data in relation to incident distal adenoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (cases = 1053; controls = 16 576).

The Role of Circulating Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers in the Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, and this is attributed to it being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Understanding the pathways involved in initial development may improve early detection strategies. This systematic review assessed the association between circulating protein and metabolite biomarkers and PDAC development.

Circulating Sex Hormones Are Associated With Gastric and Colorectal Cancers but Not Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the UK Biobank.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal cancers show an unexplained male predominance, but few prospective studies have investigated sex hormones and gastrointestinal cancer risk. This study aimed to determine the impact of circulating sex hormones on risk of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers in men and women.

Methods: We included 219,425 men and 147,180 women from the UK Biobank.

Does Risk of Progression from Barrett's Esophagus to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Change Based on the Number of Non-dysplastic Endoscopies?

Background: There is a large Barrett's esophagus patient population undergoing endoscopic surveillance. Methods to stratify patients into higher and lower risk groups may enable more varied surveillance intervals for patients with non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus that could optimize use of endoscopy resources.

Objective: We aimed to assess whether risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma differed in patients with multiple endoscopic biopsies negative for dysplasia.

The association between erosive toothwear and gastro-oesophageal reflux-related symptoms and disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association between erosive toothwear and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or symptoms (GERD/S).

Sources: Electronic searches were performed in Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases for the identification of relevant studies, from 1980 until 2nd August 2019.

Study Selection: The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018096959) and the review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

in the Colorectum and Its Association with Cancer Risk and Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The gut microbiome, in particular , has been reported to play a role in colorectal cancer development and in patient prognosis. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to assess the prevalence of in colorectal tumors and evaluate the association between and colorectal cancer development and prognosis.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published until January 2019.

The association between self-reported poor oral health and gastrointestinal cancer risk in the UK Biobank: A large prospective cohort study.

Background: Controversy remains as to whether poor oral health is independently associated with gastrointestinal cancers, due to potential confounding by smoking, alcohol and poor nutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral health conditions and gastrointestinal cancer risk.

Methods: Data from the large, prospective UK Biobank cohort, which includes  = 475,766 participants, were analysed.

Fusobacterium nucleatum tumor DNA levels are associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients.

There is increasing evidence indicating a role for Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and prognosis. This study evaluated F.

External validation of a model to determine risk of progression of Barrett's oesophagus to neoplasia.

Background: A risk prediction model containing sex, smoking history, Barrett's oesophagus length and presence of low-grade dysplasia was found to identify individuals at a higher risk of progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia.

Aim: To externally validate the model predicting risk of progression from Barrett's oesophagus to neoplasia and assess the predictive utility of additional factors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among individuals from the population-based Northern Ireland Barrett's register with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus (with intestinal metaplasia) between 1993 and 2005.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and risk of oesophago-gastric cancer: A prospective cohort study within UK Biobank.

Background: Few observational studies have assessed the role of physical activity in oesophago-gastric cancer risk.

Objective: This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between physical activity and risk of oesophageal or gastric cancer.

Methods: A cohort of 359,033 adults aged 40-69 years were identified from the UK Biobank, which recruited participants between 2006 and 2010.

Information on Genetic Variants Does Not Increase Identification of Individuals at Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Compared to Clinical Risk Factors.

We previously developed a tool that identified individuals who later developed esophageal adenocarcinoma (based on age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and prior esophageal conditions) with an area under the curve of 0.80. In this study, we collected data from 329,463 individuals in the UK Biobank cohort who were tested for genetic susceptibility to esophageal adenocarcinoma (a polygenic risk score based on 18 recognized genetic variants).

The association of lifetime alcohol use with mortality and cancer risk in older adults: A cohort study.

Background: While current research is largely consistent as to the harms of heavy drinking in terms of both cancer incidence and mortality, there are disparate messages regarding the safety of light-moderate alcohol consumption, which may confuse public health messages. We aimed to evaluate the association between average lifetime alcohol intakes and risk of both cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods And Findings: We report a population-based cohort study using data from 99,654 adults (68.

Model for Identifying Individuals at Risk for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: The prognosis for most patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is poor because they present with advanced disease. Models developed to identify patients at risk for EAC and increase early detection have been developed based on data from case-control studies. We analyzed data from a prospective study to identify factors available to clinicians that identify individuals with a high absolute risk of EAC.

Hormonal and reproductive factors and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in men: A prospective cohort study within the UK Biobank.

Incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers of the oesophagus and stomach show a strong unexplained male predominance. Hormonal and reproductive factors have been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers in women but there is little available data on men. To investigate this, we included 219,425 men enrolled in the UK Biobank in 2006-2010.

Medications that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and risk of oesophageal cancer: An analysis of two independent population-based databases.

Excessive lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation increases gastro-oesophageal acid reflux, an oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk factor. Medications that relax this sphincter (benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, β2 agonists and xanthines) could promote cancer. These medications were investigated in two independent datasets.

Do smoking and alcohol behaviours influence GI cancer survival?

Little is known about the role of alcohol and smoking in GI cancer survival compared to GI cancer development. We systematically reviewed the evidence for a role of smoking and alcohol in prognosis among GI cancer patients and inform whether smoking or alcohol cessation interventions or guidelines for GI cancer patients are likely to improve prognosis. A total of 84 relevant studies were identified.

Blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of oesophageal cancer: a systematic review.

Background: Oesophageal cancer prognosis remains poor owing to the inability to detect the disease at an early stage. Nontissue (serum, urinary or salivary) biomarkers potentially offer less invasive methods to aid early detection of oesophageal cancer. We aimed to systematically review studies assessing the relationship between nontissue biomarkers and subsequent development of oesophageal cancer.