Integrin-free tetraspanin CD151 can inhibit tumor cell motility upon clustering and is a clinical indicator of prostate cancer progression.

Normal physiology relies on the organization of transmembrane proteins by molecular scaffolds, such as tetraspanins. Oncogenesis frequently involves changes in their organization or expression. The tetraspanin CD151 is thought to contribute to cancer progression through direct interaction with the laminin-binding integrins α3β1 and α6β1.

Perineural invasion and TRUS findings are complementary in predicting prostate cancer biology.

Introduction: Clinical variables with more accuracy to predict biologically insignificant prostate cancer are needed. We evaluated the combination of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUSBx) pathologic and radiologic findings in their ability to predict the biologic potential of each prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1043 consecutive patients who underwent TRUSBx were reviewed.

Multifocality rather than tumor location is a prognostic factor in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: Whether a patient has urothelial carcinoma located within the renal pelvis or ureter remains a controversial prognostic indicator in clinical urology. We wished to evaluate whether tumor location is associated with recurrence in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer in a large volume patient cohort.

Subjects And Methods: We created a retrospective database of patients from 7 academic centers throughout Canada who underwent nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Extended followup oncologic outcome of randomized trial between cryoablation and external beam therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer (T2c-T3b).

Purpose: We assessed and compared the survival outcomes between cryoablation and external beam radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (cT2c-cT3b).

Materials And Methods: Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, recruited from 1999 to 2002, were randomized to primary cryoablation or external beam radiotherapy. All patients received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for 3 months before and 3 months after the procedures.

Ghrelin receptor as a novel imaging target for prostatic neoplasms.

Background: Ghrelin is a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that is co-expressed with its receptor GHSR in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Imaging probes that target receptors for ghrelin may delineate PCas from benign disease. The specificity of a novel ghrelin-imaging probe for PCa over normal tissue or benign disease was assessed.

Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pelvic retroperitoneum in a male.

Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum is an extremely rare malignancy with only 2 male patients reported in the literature. We describe an unusual case presenting as a pelvic mass in a male with previous pan-proctocolectomy and end ileostomy for Crohn's disease and review the available literature.

How long can patients with renal cell carcinoma wait for surgery without compromising pathological outcomes?

Introduction: Surgical wait times have been shown to be of significance in other malignancies, but limited studies exist in renal cell cancer (RCC). We analyzed surgical waiting time for RCC patients to see if there was an adverse impact on pathological characteristics.

Methods: Our centre triages RCC patients on the basis of perceived tumour risk.

Disease-free survival following salvage cryotherapy for biopsy-proven radio-recurrent prostate cancer.

Background: The optimum treatment of prostate cancer recurrence following radiation therapy (RT) remains controversial due to the lack of long-term data.

Objective: Our aim was to review the survival of patients who underwent salvage cryotherapy to the prostate gland for biopsy-proven recurrent prostate cancer and establish prognostic indicators.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients undergoing salvage cryotherapy at an academic urology unit for biopsy-proven locally recurrent prostate cancer after RT from 1995 to 2004.

Immunotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer: where are we at with sipuleucel-T?

Importance Of The Field: Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy in North American men and despite improvements in treatments 20 - 30% of patients will relapse. Immunotherapy using activated mononuclear cells is a way to harness the body's adaptive immune response to fight metastatic prostate cancer.

Areas Covered In This Review: In 2005, at least 10 therapeutic cancer vaccines, designed to confer active, specific immunotherapy against tumor-associated antigens, were in clinical trials.

Cost analysis of two follow-up strategies for localized kidney cancer: a Canadian cohort comparison.

Introduction: The cost of surveillance strategies in patients after radical nephrectomy for localized primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been evaluated. We compared the costs of 2 different surveillance strategies, the new Canadian Urological Association (CUA) guidelines and the old strategy implemented in our institution.

Methods: Seventy-five patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for primary non-metastatic renal cancer were retrospectively reviewed.

Cumulative summation graphs are a useful tool for monitoring positive surgical margin rates in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Objective: • To explore the usefulness of cumulative summation (CUSUM) graphs for monitoring positive surgical margin (PSM) rates during a surgeon's transition from open to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Patients And Methods: • Data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing RARP by a single surgeon. • Preoperatively all patients were either low or moderate risk under the D'Amico classification system.

Histological changes in the human prostate after radiotherapy and salvage high intensity focused ultrasound.

The histological changes (both macroscopic and microscopic) in the prostate following the combination of external beam radiotherapy and salvage high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) have not been previously described. This article describes the case of a 65-year-old male who presented with recurrent localized prostate cancer after undergoing external beam radiotherapy for low-risk prostate cancer. He was treated with salvage HIFU, and 4 weeks later presented with symptoms and signs consistent with a prostatorectal fistula.

High-intensity focused ultrasound: where are we and where to from here?

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has evolved significantly from early work treating cerebral lesions. The ability to treat deep soft-tissue lesions without damaging superficial structures led to it being used for prostate cancer treatment both in the primary and salvage setting. Primary HIFU treatment for prostate cancer leads to 5-year disease free survival rates of up to 70-80% in selected patients with little morbidity; however, comparative studies with established treatment modalities are lacking.

Three-dimensional imaging clarifies the process of tracheoesophageal separation in the rat.

Background/purpose: The process of tracheoesophageal separation during early development of the foregut has been disputed and has led to difficulties explaining how congenital abnormalities of the trachea and esophagus might occur. This study clarifies the embryogenesis of tracheoesophageal separation by using sequential 3-dimensional imaging at crucial stages of foregut development.

Methods: Timed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were killed at days 11, 11.