Perturbation-based balance training of older adults and effects on physiological, cognitive and sociopsychological factors: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial with 12-month follow-up.

Background: Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) has shown promising, although diverging, fall-preventive effects; however, the effects on important physical, cognitive and sociopsychological factors are currently unknown. The study aimed to evaluate these effects on PBT at three different time points (post-training, 6-months and 12-months) in community-dwelling older adults compared with regular treadmill walking.

Methods: This was a preplanned secondary analysis from a randomised, controlled trial performed in Aalborg, Denmark, between March 2021 and November 2022.

Effect of Treadmill Perturbation-Based Balance Training on Fall Rates in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Falls are common and the leading cause of injuries among older adults, but falls may be attenuated by the promising and time-efficient intervention called perturbation-based balance training (PBT).

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a 4-session treadmill PBT intervention compared with regular treadmill walking on daily-life fall rates among community-dwelling older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 12-month, assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2021 through December 2022 in Aalborg University in Denmark.

Effects of treadmill slip and trip perturbation-based balance training on falls in community-dwelling older adults (STABILITY): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Falls among older adults are most frequently caused by slips and trips and can have devastating consequences. Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) have recently shown promising fall preventive effects after even small training dosages. However, the fall preventive effects of PBT delivered on a treadmill are still unknown.

Effect of Modulated TENS on Corticospinal Excitability in Healthy Subjects.

Conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been reported to effectively alleviate chronic pain, including phantom limb pain (PLP). Recently, literature has focused on modulated TENS patterns, such as pulse width modulation (PWM) and burst modulation (BM), as alternatives to conventional, non-modulated (NM) sensory neurostimulation to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation. However, there is still limited knowledge of how these modulated TENS patterns affect corticospinal (CS) and motor cortex activity.

Short-interval intracortical inhibition and facilitation targeting upper and lower limb muscles.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study excitability of corticospinal neurons in human motor cortex. It is currently not fully elucidated if corticospinal neurons in the hand vs. leg representation show the same or different regulation of their excitability by GABAAergic and glutamatergic interneuronal circuitry.

Decrease in force steadiness with aging is associated with increased power of the common but not independent input to motor neurons.

Declines in motor function with advancing age have been attributed to changes occurring at all levels of the neuromuscular system. However, the impact of aging on the control of muscle force by spinal motor neurons is not yet understood. In this study on 20 individuals aged between 24 and 75 yr (13 men, 7 women), we investigated the common synaptic input to motor neurons of the tibialis anterior muscle and its impact on force control.

Efficient neuroplasticity induction in chronic stroke patients by an associative brain-computer interface.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve functionality in chronic stoke patients when applied over a large number of sessions. Here we evaluated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of three BCI training sessions in a double-blind sham-controlled design. The applied BCI is based on Hebbian principles of associativity that hypothesize that neural assemblies activated in a correlated manner will strengthen synaptic connections.