Efficacy of a Haemonchus contortus vaccine under field conditions in young alpacas.

Anthelmintic resistance to Haemonchus contortus creates increasing management challenges with small ruminants and camelids. The commercial vaccine, Barbervax®, contains H11 and H-gal-GP antigens, derived from gut mucosal membrane enzymes of H. contortus involved in digesting blood.

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction prevalence is 0.3% among alpacas evaluated with ophthalmic disease at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2000 and 2023.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction in hospital populations and assess signalment, diagnostics, and clinical approaches for alpacas and llamas diagnosed with NLD atresia or obstruction.

Animals: 29 alpacas and 2 llamas.

Clinical Presentation: Medical records were reviewed to identify camelids with NLD evaluated between 2000 and 2023.

Biomechanical properties of an implant designed to stabilize the coxofemoral joint following luxation show dissimilarity to the native ligament of the head of the femur in cattle.

Objective: To improve upon the toggle-pin implant construction and develop a repeatable surgical technique to achieve coxofemoral stabilization in mature cattle.

Animals: 9 adult bovine cadaveric coxofemoral joints, 8 bovine femurs, 2 beef calf cadavers.

Procedures: Ultimate tensile strength and elongation at failure were measured for the native ligament of the head of the femur (LOHOF) harvested up to 48 hours after death, and the prosthetic prototype utilizing stainless-steel cable and prosthetic prototype utilizing nylon leader line were compared.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma effects on Staphylococcus aureus-induced chondrocyte death in an in vitro bovine septic arthritis model.

Objective: To investigate the chondroprotective effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AmpS), or PRP combined with AmpS (PRP+AmpS) in an in vitro chondrocyte explant model of bovine Staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis.

Sample: Autologous PRP and cartilage explants obtained from 6 healthy, adult, nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows.

Procedures: Autologous PRP was prepared prior to euthanasia using an optimized double centrifugation protocol.

Surgical management and outcome of acquired inguinal hernias in mature bulls: 13 cases (2005-2017).

Objective: To describe rates of surgical complications, survival, and return to breeding soundness following herniorrhaphy for bulls with inguinal hernias.

Animals: 13 sexually mature bulls with acquired inguinal hernias.

Procedures: Medical record databases of 3 veterinary teaching hospitals were searched to identify records of bulls that underwent herniorrhaphy for correction of an inguinal hernia from 2005 to 2017.

Complications and outcomes of swine that underwent cesarean section for resolution of dystocia: 110 cases (2013-2018).

Objective: To report the surgical survival of dams and piglets and follow-up survival and future breeding potential of swine that underwent cesarean section for correction of dystocia.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: One hundred ten client-owned, female swine.

Analgesic efficacy of an intravenous constant rate infusion of a morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination in Holstein calves undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy.

Objective: To assess the analgesic efficacy of an IV constant rate infusion (CRI) of a morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) combination in calves undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy.

Animals: 20 weaned Holstein calves with umbilical hernias.

Procedures: Calves were randomly assigned to receive a CRI of an MLK solution (0.

Pharmacokinetics of an intravenous constant rate infusion of a morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination in Holstein calves undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy.

Objective: To describe the pharmacokinetics of morphine, lidocaine, and ketamine associated with IV administration of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of a morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) combination to calves undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy.

Animals: 20 weaned Holstein calves with umbilical hernias.

Procedures: Calves were randomly assigned to receive a CRI of an MLK solution (0.

Closing wedge ostectomy with transfixation pin-cast stabilization for correction of angular limb deformities of the metatarsophalangeal region in four cattle.

Case Description: 4 calves were evaluated because of lameness and an angular limb deformity of the metatarsophalangeal region.

Clinical Findings: 3 calves (ages, 5 days, 10 days, and 1 month) had a congenital varus deformity of the metatarsophalangeal region characterized by medial subluxation of the first phalanx of digits 3 and 4 at the metatarsophalangeal joints. A 6-month-old heifer had a valgus deformity of the metatarsophalangeal region secondary to a malunion of a Salter-Harris type II fracture.

Investigation of a novel prosthesis technique for extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joints in adult cattle.

Objective: To evaluate a novel prosthesis technique for extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient stifle joints in adult cattle.

Sample: 13 cadaveric bovine stifle joint specimens.

Procedures: In the first of 3 study phases, the most isometric points on the distal aspect of the femur (distal femur) and proximal aspect of the tibia (proximal tibia) were determined from measurements obtained from lateromedial radiographs of a stifle joint specimen maintained at angles of 135°, 90°, 65°, and 35°.

Short- and long-term success of transfixation pin casts used to stabilize long bone fractures in ruminants.

Transfixation pin casts (TPC) may be useful in management of fractures in ruminants. A retrospective study was conducted to report the uses, complications, and outcomes of TPC in ruminant fracture stabilization. Twenty-five cattle, 7 goats, and 7 sheep with long bone fractures managed with TPC met the inclusion criteria.

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam in serum and synovial fluid samples following regional intravenous perfusion in the distal portion of a hind limb of adult cattle.

OBJECTIVE To describe concentration-over-time data for ampicillin and sulbactam in the digital and systemic circulations and synovial fluid (SYN) of cattle following a single injection of ampicillin-sulbactam as a regional IV perfusion (RIVP). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows. PROCEDURES The right hind limb of each cow was aseptically prepared.

Surgery of the Forestomach.

Indications for rumen surgery include rumen tympany (bloat), toxic plant ingestion, to provide enteral nutrition, to perform elective cannula placement, and to access other forestomach compartments (reticulum/omasum). The rumen is a highly contaminated viscus and special care should be taken to avoid peritoneal contamination from rumen contents. Diseases causing forestomach dysfunction and surgical procedures on the forestomach compartments are discussed here.

Surgical Management of Abomasal Disease.

Abomasal diseases are common in cattle. Many of these diseases can be managed surgically. This article briefly discusses the various surgical diseases affecting the abomasum.

Surgical Management of Fractures and Tendons.

Long bone fractures and disorders of tendons and ligaments represent a significant proportion of surgical orthopedic cases presented to ruminant veterinarians. The presentation of these patients, their diagnostic work-up, surgical treatment, and expected outcome will be discussed. The outcome of these cases depends largely on the presenting problem; however, accurate diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention can greatly improve the outcome of many of these cases.

Indications for and factors relating to outcome after rumenotomy or rumenostomy in cattle: 95 cases (1999-2011).

Objective: To evaluate indications for and factors relating to outcome after rumenotomy or rumenostomy in cattle.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 95 cattle that underwent rumenotomy or rumenostomy.

Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas.

The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v.

Characterization of the contributions of Hp-MMP 9 to the serum acute phase protein response of lipopolysaccharide challenged calves.

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a costly feature of modern cattle production. Early and accurate detection of BRD may prove useful in the successful management of this disease. The primary objective of the study was to define the time course of covalent complexes of neutrophil, haptoglobin (Hp) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) in serum after intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison to traditional markers.

Osseous sequestration in alpacas and llamas: 36 cases (1999-2010).

Objective: To describe clinical findings, treatments, and outcome in camelids treated for osseous sequestration.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 27 alpacas and 9 llamas with osseous sequestration.

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas.

Florfenicol, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with wide tissue distribution commonly used to treat camelids. To address the lack of drug disposition data for florfenicol in llamas, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics after 20mg/kg intravenous (i.v.

Comparison of the mechanical characteristics of polymerized caprolactam and monofilament nylon loops constructed in parallel strands or as braided ropes versus cranial cruciate ligaments of cattle.

Objective: To compare the mechanical characteristics of polymerized caprolactam and monofilament nylon loops with those of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in cattle.

Sample: 6 femorotibial joints harvested from 3 cows and suture constructs made from No. 8 polymerized caprolactam, 80-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line, and 450-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line.

Arthroscopic approach and intraarticular anatomy of the stifle in South American camelids.

Objective: To describe a cranial arthroscopic approach to the stifle of South American camelids and to report our clinical experience with camelid stifle arthroscopy.

Study Design: Experimental study and retrospective case series.

Animals: (1) Cadaveric alpaca hindlimbs (n = 18; 9 alpacas); (2) 1 alpaca and 1 llama

Methods: Polymethylmethacrylate joint casts (n = 2) were made to define stifle joint dimensions.