Deep learning algorithm enables automated Cobb angle measurements with high accuracy.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of automatic Cobb angle measurements by deep learning (DL) on full spine radiographs.

Materials And Methods: Full spine radiographs of patients aged > 2 years were screened using the radiology reports to identify radiographs for performing Cobb angle measurements. Two senior musculoskeletal radiologists and one senior orthopedic surgeon independently annotated Cobb angles exceeding 7° indicating the angle location as either proximal thoracic (apices between T3 and T5), main thoracic (apices between T6 and T11), or thoraco-lumbar (apices between T12 and L4).

Role of imaging for eligibility and safety of a-NGF clinical trials.

Nerve growth factor (a-NGF) inhibitors have been developed for pain treatment including symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) and have proven analgesic efficacy and improvement in functional outcomes in patients with OA. However, despite initial promising data, a-NGF clinical trials focusing on OA treatment had been suspended in 2010. Reasons were based on concerns regarding accelerated OA progression but were resumed in 2015 including detailed safety mitigation based on imaging.

Assessment of an artificial intelligence aid for the detection of appendicular skeletal fractures in children and young adults by senior and junior radiologists.

Background: As the number of conventional radiographic examinations in pediatric emergency departments increases, so, too, does the number of reading errors by radiologists.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the detection of fractures by radiologists in children and young adults.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 300 anonymized radiographs performed for the detection of appendicular fractures in patients ages 2 to 21 years was collected retrospectively.

Inter-Reader Consistency and Exclusionary Findings During Radiographic Screening for Phase 3 Trials of Tanezumab in Patients With Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Describe the radiograph-based screening program and frequencies of ineligibility in 3 large, international, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 studies of subcutaneous tanezumab in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Design: Standardized bilateral shoulder, hip, and knee screening radiographs were obtained by trained imaging technologists and centrally read by 1 of 5 musculoskeletal radiology experts trained using a program-specific imaging atlas. Inter-reader consistency was tracked with test cases blindly inserted into the reader queue.

Automated detection of acute appendicular skeletal fractures in pediatric patients using deep learning.

Objective: We aimed to perform an external validation of an existing commercial AI software program (BoneView™) for the detection of acute appendicular fractures in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: In our retrospective study, anonymized radiographic exams of extremities, with or without fractures, from pediatric patients (aged 2-21) were included. Three hundred exams (150 with fractures and 150 without fractures) were included, comprising 60 exams per body part (hand/wrist, elbow/upper arm, shoulder/clavicle, foot/ankle, leg/knee).

Improving Radiographic Fracture Recognition Performance and Efficiency Using Artificial Intelligence.

Background Missed fractures are a common cause of diagnostic discrepancy between initial radiographic interpretation and the final read by board-certified radiologists. Purpose To assess the effect of assistance by artificial intelligence (AI) on diagnostic performances of physicians for fractures on radiographs. Materials and Methods This retrospective diagnostic study used the multi-reader, multi-case methodology based on an external multicenter data set of 480 examinations with at least 60 examinations per body region (foot and ankle, knee and leg, hip and pelvis, hand and wrist, elbow and arm, shoulder and clavicle, rib cage, and thoracolumbar spine) between July 2020 and January 2021.

Association of markers of patellofemoral maltracking to cartilage damage and bone marrow lesions on MRI: Data from the 2016 Olympic Games of Rio De Janeiro.

Background: Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) disease is a common ailment in elite athletes. Our aim is to report the frequency of superolateral Hoffa's fat pad (SHFP) edema, and PFJ cartilage damage and bone marrow lesions (BML), among Olympian athletes, and to study the association between measurements of trochlear morphology and vertical patellar position and a) PFJ cartilage damage or BML, and b) SHFP edema.

Methods: All knee MRI, performed in the Olympic Village and polyclinics, of participating athletes in the 2016 Olympic Games of Rio de Janeiro were included.

Association Between MRI-Based Tibial Slope Measurements and Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study.

Background: The cause of mucoid degeneration (MD) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is commonly observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with knee pain, has yet to be elucidated. Despite the limited evidence on the relationship between ACL lesions (injury and MD) and tibial morphologic features (ie, posterior tibial slope), the potential association between the presence of ACL MD and medial and lateral tibial slope (MTS and LTS) has not been well-established.

Purpose: To investigate whether MTS and LTS measurements are associated with the presence of ACL MD.

Knee cartilage damage and concomitant internal derangement on MRI in athletes competing at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics.

Purpose: To report the MRI patterns of knee cartilage damage and concomitant internal derangement in athletes participating at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games.

Methods: Knee MRIs obtained at the core imaging facility of the International Olympic Committee were blindly, retrospectively reviewed by a board-certified musculoskeletal radiologist for meniscal, ligamentous, and tendon abnormalities. Cartilage assessment was based on the modified Outerbridge criteria.

Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in the Hip and Knee: Perhaps Not as Safe as We Thought?

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee is among the most common joint disorders. Intra-articular corticosteroid (IACS) injections are frequently performed to treat OA and other joint-related pain syndromes; however, there is conflicting evidence on their potential benefit. There is a lack of prospective and large retrospective studies evaluating potential joint findings, including increased risk for accelerated OA progression or adverse joint events, after treatment with IACS injection.

The epidemiology of MRI detected shoulder injuries in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics.

Background: To use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to characterize the severity, location, prevalence, and demographics of shoulder injuries in athletes at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all routine shoulder MRIs obtained from the Olympic Village Polyclinic during the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Imaging was performed on 1.

MRI-Detected Sports-Related Knee Injuries and Abnormalities at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe knee abnormalities and the occurrence of MRI-detected sports-related knee abnormalities by evaluating MRI examinations performed during the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games held in August 2016.

Conclusion: There were 11,274 athletes at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and 113 of them underwent at least one knee MRI in the Olympic Village. Cartilage abnormalities, followed by meniscal tears and ligament sprains, were the most frequent abnormalities.

Radiographic Evaluation of Patients with Anterior Shoulder Instability.

Purpose Of Review: Injuries to the labrum, joint capsule (in particular the inferior glenohumeral ligament), cartilage, and glenoid periosteum are associated with anterior shoulder instability. The goal of this review is to provide common radiographic images and findings in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Furthermore, we will demonstrate the best methods for measuring anterior glenoid bone loss.

Development of an imaging mitigation strategy for patient enrolment in the tanezumab nerve growth factor inhibitor (NGF-ab) program with a focus on eligibility assessment.

Objective: Nerve growth factor antibodies (NGF-ab) have shown promising analgesic efficacy. Aim was to describe reader training efforts and present reliability data focusing on radiographic eligibility in the tanezumab program.

Methods: A multi-step process was used for reader calibration and reliability testing.