Exudative Retinal Detachment Reveals Metastatic Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Choroidal metastasis from bladder cancer is very rare, with only a handful of cases cited previously in the literature. We present a case of a patient who presented with a serous retinal detachment and a known history of bladder cancer, which he believed was controlled. Based on the clinical evaluation, his history of bladder cancer, and a retinal consult, a workup was initiated and he was found to have choroidal metastasis from his cancer.

Endothelial NADPH oxidase: mechanism of activation by low-density lipoprotein.

Exposure to atherogenic levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human endothelial cells (ECs). NADPH oxidase is thought to be the main source of ROS generated by LDL-activated ECs. The mechanism by which this lipoprotein activates endothelial NADPH oxidase is incompletely understood.