2024 taxonomic update for the families Naryaviridae, Nenyaviridae, and Vilyaviridae.

The families Naryaviridae (order Rivendellvirales), Nenyaviridae (order Rohanvirales), and Vilyaviridae (order Cirlivirales), all within the class Arfiviricetes of the phylum Cressdnaviricota, include single-stranded DNA viruses associated with protozoan parasites of the genera Entamoeba and Giardia as well as viruses found in various environmental samples, also likely infecting protozoans. Here, we provide a taxonomic update for these three families, which were recently expanded with multiple new members. In particular, we established seven new genera and nine new species in the family Naryaviridae, one new genus with one new species in the family Nenyaviridae, and three new genera and nine new species in the family Vilyaviridae.

Diverse microviruses circulating in invertebrates within a lake ecosystem.

Microviruses are single-stranded DNA bacteriophages and members of the highly diverse viral family . Microviruses have a seemingly ubiquitous presence across animal gut microbiomes and other global environmental ecosystems. Most of the studies on microvirus diversity so far have been associated with vertebrate gut viromes.

Evidence for phospholipid self-organisation in concentrated ammonia-water environments.

Titan, the largest moon of Saturn is thought to have the potential to support primordial life. The surface of Titan contains bodies of liquid hydrocarbons, and modelling suggests that an ammonia-water ocean resides deep beneath the surface, both of which have been speculated to support primordial chemistry. Here we present the first evidence that both preformed and self-organised phospholipid vesicles remain stable and can maintain concentration gradients in ammonia-water environments; a fundamental requirement for primordial chemistry and biology to originate.

Strobilurin fungicide increases the susceptibility of amphibian larvae to trematode infections.

The global rise in fungal pathogens has driven the increased usage of fungicides, yet our understanding of their ecotoxicity remains largely limited to acute toxicity. While such data is critical for projecting the risk of fungicide exposure to individual species, the contamination of natural systems with fungicides also has the potential to alter species interactions within communities including host-parasite relationships. We examined the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the susceptibility of larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) to trematode (echinostome) infections using a controlled laboratory experiment.

Acute aquatic toxicity of two commonly used fungicides to midwestern amphibian larvae.

Fungicide usage has increased globally in response to the rise in fungal pathogens, especially in the agricultural sector. However, research examining the toxicity of fungicides is still limited for many aquatic species. In this study, we examined the acute toxicity of two widely used fungicides, chlorothalonil and pyraclostrobin, on six North American larval amphibian species across multiple families using 96-h LC50 tests.

Plastid phylogenomics uncovers multiple species in Medicago truncatula (Fabaceae) germplasm accessions.

Medicago truncatula is a model legume that has been extensively investigated in diverse subdisciplines of plant science. Medicago littoralis can interbreed with M. truncatula and M.

Unusual presentation of supraventricular tachycardia degenerating into ventricular fibrillation during pregnancy: Aortocaval compression the probable culprit.

Cardiac arrhythmias are common and often benign in pregnancy. However, haemodynamic instability can occur when tachyarrhythmias are accompanied by aortocaval compression, which can lead to loss of cardiac output. We present an atypical case of a pregnant woman with a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, which degenerated into ventricular fibrillation arrest while supine due to aortocaval compression.

Bispecific repurposed medicines targeting the viral and immunological arms of COVID-19.

Effective agents to treat coronavirus infection are urgently required, not only to treat COVID-19, but to prepare for future outbreaks. Repurposed anti-virals such as remdesivir and human anti-inflammatories such as barcitinib have received emergency approval but their overall benefits remain unclear. Vaccines are the most promising prospect for COVID-19, but will need to be redeveloped for any future coronavirus outbreak.

Multimodal Imaging Characteristics of a Migrating Oropharyngeal-Spinal Foreign Body in a Cat.

A 2.5 yr old female spayed domestic shorthair presented for acute tetraparesis, dull mentation, and fever. MRI and computed tomography identified a thin linear foreign body extending from the caudal nasopharynx through the atlanto-occipital joint and cervicomedullary junction.

Comparing the clinical and prognostic impact of proximal versus nonproximal lesions in dominant right coronary artery ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of culprit lesion location in dominant right coronary artery (RCA) ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Background: In RCA STEMI, proximal culprit lesions have been shown to have higher rates of acute complications such as bradycardia and cardiogenic shock (CS) but data on mortality is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively identified and analyzed data from consecutive patients with a dominant RCA STEMI who underwent either primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between January 2003 and December 2016.

First-in-Human Phase 1 Study To Assess Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Antifungal Drug, VL-2397, in Healthy Adults.

VL-2397 is an antifungal drug with a novel mechanism of action, rapid fungicidal activity, and potent activity against , including azole-resistant strains. VL2397-101, a phase 1 first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study, was conducted in healthy adults to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single and multiple ascending intravenous (i.v.

Real-world use of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary intervention-treated ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: A single-center registry study.

Objectives: The primary aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) using ticagrelor (T-DAPT) versus clopidogrel (C-DAPT) in a real-world ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) population.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 655 consecutive patients having primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for STEMI at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia (from January 2013 to April 2016). Medical and procedural therapies were at clinician discretion.

Surveying GPCR solubilisation conditions using surface plasmon resonance.

Biophysical screening techniques, such as surface plasmon resonance, enable detailed kinetic analysis of ligands binding to solubilised G-protein coupled receptors. The activity of a receptor solubilised out of the membrane is crucially dependent on the environment in which it is suspended. Finding the right conditions is challenging due to the number of variables to investigate in order to determine the optimum solubilisation buffer for any given receptor.

Clinical and Angiographic Predictors of Mortality in Sudden Cardiac Arrest Patients Having Cardiac Catheterisation: A Single Centre Registry.

Background: Immediate cardiac catheterisation (CC) is recommended in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Guidelines advise urgent CC for SCA patients without-STEMI, at clinician discretion. We examined the clinical and angiographic factors predicting mortality in SCA patients having CC.

The evolution of sexual signal modes and associated sensor morphology in fireflies (Lampyridae, Coleoptera).

Animals employ different sexual signal modes (e.g. visual, acoustic, chemical) in different environments and behavioural contexts.

Caries outcome following an intensive fluoride varnish treatment regimen for children at high risk for early childhood caries.

Purpose: To evaluate the caries relapse rate for a cohort of 2- to 4-year-old children at high risk of early childhood caries when treated with an intensive fluoride varnish (FV) regimen.

Methods: Eighty paediatric patients were recruited. Forty of these patients were high risk and received the FV treatment (three applications within 2 weeks and additional applications at 1 and 3 months) during 2009-2010.

Influence of Age and Gender on Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Background: Gender and age are non-modifiable factors influencing clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). There is evidence that coronary artery disease pathophysiology varies in women. We therefore evaluated the effect of age and gender on clinical outcomes in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Discovery of New Bromodomain Scaffolds by Biosensor Fragment Screening.

The discovery of novel bromodomain inhibitors by fragment screening is complicated by the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an acetyl-lysine mimetic, that can compromise the detection of low affinity fragments. We demonstrate surface plasmon resonance as a primary fragment screening approach for the discovery of novel bromodomain scaffolds, by describing a protocol to overcome the DMSO interference issue. We describe the discovery of several novel small molecules scaffolds that inhibit the bromodomains PCAF, BRD4, and CREBBP, representing canonical members of three out of the seven subfamilies of bromodomains.

Multi-Center Retrospective Evaluation of Screw and Polymethylmethacrylate Constructs for Atlantoaxial Fixation in Dogs.

Objective: To evaluate outcome and adverse events following ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial (AA) joint in dogs with clinical AA subluxation using screw/polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) constructs in a retrospective, multi-center cohort study.

Study Design: Historical cohort study.

Animals: 35 client-owned dogs.

Late clinical outcomes for SeQuent please paclitaxel-coated balloons in PCI of instent restenosis and de novo lesions: A single-center, real world registry.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate clinical outcomes following PCI using SeQuent Please paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB) of ISR and denovo lesions (DNL), in all-comer patients at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Background: There have been promising results for PCI using drug-coated balloons; however, long-term data for clinical outcomes are lacking.

Methods: Baseline patient demographics, PCI procedural details, and clinical outcomes were collected.

In vitro initial stability of a stemless humeral implant.

Background: Stemless humeral prostheses have been recently introduced. We measured for the first time their in vitro primary stability and analyzed the influence of three clinically important parameters (bone quality, implant size and post-operative loading) on micromotion. We also assessed if displacement sensors are appropriate to measure implant micromotion.

Application of RNAi to Genomic Drug Target Validation in Schistosomes.

Concerns over the possibility of resistance developing to praziquantel (PZQ), has stimulated efforts to develop new drugs for schistosomiasis. In addition to the development of improved whole organism screens, the success of RNA interference (RNAi) in schistosomes offers great promise for the identification of potential drug targets to initiate drug discovery. In this study we set out to contribute to RNAi based validation of putative drug targets.