Small bowel obstruction secondary to metastatic urothelial bladder cancer.

Small bowel obstruction secondary to primary cancer, such as carcinoid and adenocarcinoma, is not unusual. Less frequently, hematological metastasis from breast, lung, and melanoma can occur. However, metastasis from urothelial bladder carcinoma is extremely rare.

Bile duct brushings in a pig model: examination of intraobserver variability and variability in specimen quality obtained in sequential animals and between two different brushes.

Purpose: In patients with bile duct malignancy, bile duct brushing is plagued by a low yield diagnosing underlying malignancy. There are few data explaining why this is so. This porcine model was designed to examine three variables: 1) examination of inter-observer variability, 2) variability in specimen quality obtained in sequential animals, and 3) variability between two different brushes (one designed for colon with large bristles, one for duodenum with short bristles).

Cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in biliary and pancreatic duct brushings.

Biliary and pancreatic duct brush specimens are relatively uncommon specimens seen by pathologists. Not only can the findings of malignancy be subtle, the implications of a malignant diagnosis can be significant. This review focuses on cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma sampled by endoscopic brush cytology, with an emphasis on diagnostic criteria for adenocarcinoma.