Fundus imaging features of congenital rubella retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of congenital rubella retinopathy (CRR) with modern fundus imaging.

Methods: Single-center case series. Eleven patients (2005-2020) at the Emory Eye Center with known or presumed CRR.

Surgical Outcomes of Progressive Retinoschisis-Related Retinal Detachments: A 17-Year Survey From a Large Academic Center.

Background And Objective: To provide an overview of progressive retinoschisis-related retinal detachment (RSRD) management at a tertiary referral center.

Materials And Methods: Single-institution retrospective case series from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2020.

Results: Progressive RSRD occurred in 0.

Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment in Acute Retinal Necrosis.

Purpose: Retinal detachment (RD) is associated with poor visual outcomes in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). This research was undertaken to assess the risk factors for RD in ARN.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Outcomes of Infectious Endophthalmitis in Patients with Systemic Antibiotic Allergies to Penicillins, Cephalosporins, or Vancomycin.

Purpose: The mainstay empiric treatments of bacterial endophthalmitis are intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime. In the United States, up to 10% of the general population has a reported penicillin (PCN) allergy. Despite low cross-reactivity between PCN and later-generation cephalosporins, some providers alter the intravitreal antibiotic choice for endophthalmitis because of concern for allergic reactions.

SCORE2 Report 13: Intraretinal Hemorrhage Changes in Eyes With Central or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion Managed With Aflibercept, Bevacizumab or Observation. Secondary Analysis of the SCORE and SCORE2 Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between intraretinal macular hemorrhage and visual acuity outcomes in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion or hemiretinal vein occlusion managed with aflibercept, bevacizumab, or observation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of data from 2 randomized clinical trials.

Methods: A total of 362 participants were randomized in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2, and 88 participants randomized to observation in the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid in Retinal Vein Occlusion Study.

Dopamine metabolite levels in the vitreous of diabetic and non-diabetic humans.

Animal studies suggest that the retinal dysfunction in diabetic subjects that precedes overt clinical vasculopathy may be due to a retinal dopamine deficit. We analyzed levels of dopamine (DA) and its primary metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), in the vitreous of diabetic and non-diabetic human subjects. Adult patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for non-hemorrhagic indications were prospectively recruited from the Emory Eye Center in Atlanta, GA.

Novel Detection and Restorative Levodopa Treatment for Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is diagnosed clinically by directly viewing retinal vascular changes during ophthalmoscopy or through fundus photographs. However, electroretinography (ERG) studies in humans and rodents have revealed that retinal dysfunction is demonstrable prior to the development of visible vascular defects. Specifically, delays in dark-adapted ERG oscillatory potential (OP) implicit times in response to dim-flash stimuli (<-1.

Necrotic uveal melanoma presenting as orbital cellulitis with intraocular hemorrhage: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of necrotic uveal melanoma presenting as orbital cellulitis with an intraocular hemorrhage.

Observations: A 61 year-old non-verbal male presented with a two-week history of right eyelid swelling and erythema unresponsive to antibiotics. In addition to these signs of orbital cellulitis, he presented with an opaque media precluding fundus visualization.

EFFECT OF LUBRICANTS ON CORNEAL THICKNESS AFTER VITRECTOMY.

Purpose: This study examines the impact of corneal surface lubricants used during pars plana vitrectomy on corneal edema.

Methods: This prospective, observational, clinical study occurred at an academic institution. Participants were individuals aged 18 years and older who had already consented to undergo pars plana vitrectomy, without pre-existing corneal pathology.

Formulation of a Peribulbar Block for Prolonged Postoperative Pain Management in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative pain level using a supplemental peribulbar injection at the conclusion of retinal surgery.

Design: Prospective, parallel-assigned, single-masked, randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Fifty-eight patients undergoing scleral buckle, vitrectomy, or combined surgery.

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Children: Clinical Factors Predictive of Successful Surgical Repair.

Purpose: To describe presenting clinical features and surgical techniques that are associated with successful surgical repair of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Participants: Two hundred twelve eyes of 191 patients 0 to 18 years of age undergoing surgical repair for RRD between 2001 and 2015 with a minimum follow-up of 3 months.

Association of serum vitamin D levels and diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a condition that has been associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in various populations, but has not been studied in Asian Indians.

Aims: To evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with presence and severity of DR among Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We collected information on individuals with type 2 diabetes that received care at a tertiary diabetes centre in India, between 2012 and 2015.

Propranolol for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background And Objective: To determine the effect of propranolol on retinal neovascularization due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Patients And Methods: For this prospective pilot, interventional, case series, patients with diabetes with PDR (n = 10 subjects; 12 eyes) were recruited at the ophthalmology clinic of the University of Wisconsin - Madison. Subjects were administered oral propranolol for 12 weeks and retinopathy and area of retinal neovascularization were monitored with fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA).

Retinal Vein Occlusion Review.

Retinal vein occlusions are a very common condition with great importance in ophthalmology clinical practice. This article reviews the salient epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, and treatments related to retinal vein occlusions.

Current and Next Generation Portable Screening Devices for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the United States, and with the growing epidemic of diabetes, a global increase in the incidence of DR is inevitable, so it is of utmost importance to identify the most cost-effective tools for DR screening. Emerging technology may provide advancements to offset the burden of care, simplify the process, and provide financially responsible methods to safely and effectively optimize care for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We review here currently available technology, both in production and under development, for DR screening.

Cost-effectiveness of Different Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Modalities.

Current screening strategies aimed at detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) historically have poor compliance, but advancements in technology can enable improved access to care. Nearly 80% of all persons with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the importance of a cost effective screening program. Establishing mechanisms to reach populations with geographic and financial barriers to access is essential to prevent visual disability.

Diabetic Retinopathy.

The prevalence of diabetes is on the rise globally as are the consequences, such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults in developed countries. Visual impairment as a result of diabetic retinopathy has a significant negative impact on the patient's quality of life and their ability to successfully manage their disease.

Comparison Among Methods of Retinopathy Assessment (CAMRA) Study: Smartphone, Nonmydriatic, and Mydriatic Photography.

Purpose: We compared smartphone fundus photography, nonmydriatic fundus photography, and 7-field mydriatic fundus photography for their abilities to detect and grade diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: This was a prospective, comparative study of 3 photography modalities.

Participants: Diabetic patients (n = 300) were recruited at the ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary diabetes care center in Chennai, India.

Toxoplasma chorioretinitis diagnosed by histopathology in a patient with AIDS.

Purpose: To demonstrate the diagnostic difficulties in cases of retinal necrosis in immunocompromised patients including the potential for false-negative anterior segment sampling and also to emphasize the utility of diagnostic vitrectomy with histopathologic examination.

Methods: This patient's chart was thoroughly reviewed to present salient features that are relevant to any ophthalmologist attempting to diagnose and treat chorioretinitis. A 38-year-old man with HIV/AIDS who presented with bilateral retinal necrosis.

Ophthalmic manifestations of endocrine disorders: approaches and medical management.

Purpose Of Review: Disorders of the endocrine system may present with various ophthalmic signs, symptoms, and pathology. Early detection, prevention, and monitoring of these manifestations can significantly benefit morbidity associated with such disease states including permanent visual dysfunction.

Recent Findings: Several studies highlight the importance of early diagnosis in reducing the long-term complications associated with these endocrine conditions, although these observations are mostly based on case reports and case series.

Primary open-angle glaucoma: diagnostic approaches and management.

Glaucoma represents the second most common cause of blindness in the United States affecting approximately 2 million Americans, with many others unaware of being afflicted. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the most common of all types of glaucoma, leads to progressive optic nerve damage. If left untreated, POAG can lead to irreversible blindness.

Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt: surgical technique and review of clinical experience.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of worldwide blindness. Treatment of this chronic disease, centered on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), may require surgical intervention when medical and/or laser therapy fail to control IOP. Traditional glaucoma surgery, such as trabeculectomy, has been performed for decades and has a proven track record of success.

Functional coupling of simultaneous electrical and metabolic activity in the human brain.

The relationships between brain electrical and metabolic activity are being uncovered currently in animal models using invasive methods; however, in the human brain this relationship remains not well understood. In particular, the relationship between noninvasive measurements of electrical activity and metabolism remains largely undefined. To understand better these relations, cerebral activity was measured simultaneously with electroencephalography (EEG) and positron emission tomography using [(18)f]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (PET-FDG) in 12 normal human subjects during rest.