Predicting the Availability of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors Using Machine Learning.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is firmly established as an important curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies and other blood disorders. Apart from finding HLA-matched donors during the HSCT process, donor availability remains a key consideration as the time taken from diagnosis to transplant is recognized to adversely affect patient outcome. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a machine learning approach to predict the availability of stem cell donors.

Low-affinity FcγR interactions can decide the fate of novel human IgG-sensitised red blood cells and platelets.

G1Δnab is a mutant human IgG1 constant region with a lower ability to interact with FcγR than the natural IgG constant regions. Radiolabelled RBCs and platelets sensitised with specific G1Δnab Abs were cleared more slowly from human circulation than IgG1-sensitised counterparts. However, non-destructive splenic retention of G1Δnab-coated RBCs required investigation and plasma radioactivities now suggest this also occurred for platelets sensitised with an IgG1/G1Δnab mixture.

The role of P-selectin in the immune destruction of platelets.

Antibody-mediated platelet destruction is a poorly understood process, although several lines of evidence suggest that Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR)-expressing splenic macrophages may be involved. In this study, chemiluminescence (CL) was used to measure the in vitro metabolic response of human monocytes to platelets sensitized with a human immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 recombinant antihuman platelet antigen-1a (anti-HPA-1a) antibody (B2G1; P-hrIgG1). CL responses were inhibited, but not abrogated, in the presence of 10 micro g/ml human IgG or murine IgG2a, suggesting that FcgammaRI was principally involved.

Laboratory assays for predicting the severity of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is characterised by the presence of IgG antibodies in the maternal circulation which cause haemolysis in the fetus by crossing the placenta and sensitising red cells for destruction by macrophages in the fetal spleen. Serological, quantitative and cellular assays have all been developed to predict the severity of HDFN. These assays measure and/or characterise alloantibodies in the maternal circulation.