Alpha-enolase is a potential prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive disease with unpredictable behaviour. Clinical parameters are not always accurate for prognosis prediction. The integration of molecular markers to prognostic models can significantly improve prognostic assessment and consequently patient management.

Lactate dehydrogenase A is a potential prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Over 90% of cancer-related deaths in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are caused by tumor relapse and metastasis. Thus, there is an urgent need for new molecular markers that can potentiate the efficacy of the current clinical-based models of prognosis assessment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential significance of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), assessed by immunohistochemical staining, as a prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological features and clinical outcome.

The chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A is a new prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common tumor of the adult kidney, with an increasing rate of incidence. Recently, exome sequencing studies have revealed that the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) members PBRM1 and ARID1A are mutated in ccRCC, and it has also been suggested that aberrant chromatin regulation is a key step in kidney cancer pathogenesis. Herein, we show that down-regulation of another SW/SNF component, ARID1A, occurs frequently in ccRCC.

Multilevel whole-genome analysis reveals candidate biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm of the kidney. We conducted an integrated analysis of copy number, gene expression (mRNA and miRNA), protein expression, and methylation changes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We used a stepwise approach to identify the most significant copy number aberrations (CNA) and identified regions of peak and broad copy number gain and loss, including peak gains (3q21, 5q32, 5q34-q35, 7p11, 7q21, 8q24, 11q13, and 12q14) and deletions (1p36, 2q34-q37, 3p25, 4q33-q35, 6q23-q27, and 9p21).

Integrated genomic characterization of the kallikrein gene locus in cancer.

Background: The kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been implicated in many types of cancer, including prostate and ovarian.

Materials And Methods: We performed a comprehensive in silico study to characterize the KLK locus using transcriptomic (gene expression) and genomic (mutations and DNA copy number) data in prostate cancer (n=194), serous ovarian cancer (n=506), glioblastoma multiforme (n=206), and sarcoma (n=207) from The Cancer Genome Atlas and independent publicly available datasets to assess KLKs as cancer biomarkers.

Results: Overall, there was mRNA overexpression in prostate and serous ovarian cancer and decreased expression in glioblastoma multiforme.

Pleiotropic action of renal cell carcinoma-dysregulated miRNAs on hypoxia-related signaling pathways.

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is lost in ≈ 70% of all renal cell carcinomas (RCCs); however, increasing evidence supports the involvement of alternative mechanisms in the regulation of VHL expression, including suppression by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through binding to target mRNAs. In this study, we found that miRNAs, which are dysregulated in cases of RCC, can target multiple members of RCC-related signaling pathways.

Assessment of the prognostic significance of endoglin (CD105) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using automated image analysis.

The behavior of clear cell renal cell carcinoma can be difficult to predict. Angiogenesis has proven to be a useful prognostic indicator in different malignancies. Endoglin (CD105) is a new marker of angiogenesis found to have prognostic utility in various tumors.

Microvascular density as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma: an automated image analysis study.

Tumor microvascular density (MVD) has been shown to correlate with the aggressiveness of several cancers. With the introduction of targeted anti-angiogenic therapy, assessment of MVD has the potential not only as a prognostic but also as a therapeutic marker. The significance of tumor vascularity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been debated, with studies showing contradictory results.