Inclusion body myositis masquerading as cardiac dyspnea.

Dyspnea in the elderly can be due to a wide array of pathologies. We discuss a case of an elderly gentleman with an extensive cardiovascular history presenting with acute worsening of chronic dyspnea. Because of persistent respiratory distress unresponsive to standard therapy for congestive heart failure, chronotropic insufficiency, and pulmonary hypertension, further evaluation was undertaken which revealed that diaphragmatic weakness was the etiology of his respiratory failure.

Ureteral cannulation as a complication of urethral catheterization.

Urinary catheterization is a common procedure, particularly among patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury. Urethral catheterization is associated with the well-recognized complications of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and limited genitourinary trauma. Unintentional ureteral cannulation represents a rare complication of urethral catheterization and has been previously described in only eight cases within the literature.