The influence of heatwave temperatures on fracture patient presentation to hospital.

Introduction: As global warming continues at its current rate, heatwaves are likely to become an increasing phenomenon. At present, knowledge of the influence of heatwave temperatures on fracture patient presentation to hospital remains limited.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive epidemiology study performed through hospital database review, linked to meteorological data.

Cement-in-cement femoral component revision : a comparison of two different taper-slip designs with medium-term follow up.

Aims: Cement-in-cement revision of the femoral component represents a widely practised technique for a variety of indications in revision total hip arthroplasty. In this study, we compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of two polished tapered femoral components.

Methods: From our prospectively collated database, we identified all patients undergoing cement-in-cement revision from January 2005 to January 2013 who had a minimum of two years' follow-up.

Driving reaction time following periacetabular osteotomy.

Introduction: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is increasingly being used to treat young adults with symptomatic hip dysplasia. Currently there is a lack of evidence to guide return to driving after this procedure. This study aimed to identify the length of time required after a Periacetabular Osteotomy procedure before a patient can safely return to driving.

Use of the trochanteric flip osteotomy to facilitate internal fixation of a femoral head fracture.

We report the case of a 42-year-old male who suffered a fracture-dislocation of the femoral head. After a closed reduction of the hip, this proceeded to an open reduction with internal fixation of the fractured femoral head, in addition to labral repair and micro-fracture of an articular cartilage defect. After considering the risks to the femoral head blood supply, the trochanteric flip osteotomy was used.

Introduction of a simple guideline to improve neurological assessment in paediatric patients presenting with upper limb fractures.

Background: Neurological examination in children presenting with upper limb fractures is often poorly performed in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to assess the improvement in documented neurological examination for children presenting with upper limb fractures following introduction of a simple guideline.

Methods: We developed and introduced a simple guideline for upper limb neurological assessment in children ('rock, paper, scissors, OK').

The effect of tibial component sizing on patient reported outcome measures following uncemented total knee replacement.

Unlabelled: When performing total knee replacement (TKR), surgeons are required to decide on the most appropriate size of tibial component. As implants are predominantly selected from incremental sizes of a preferred design, it may be necessary for a surgeon to slightly under or oversize the component. There are concerns that overhang could lead to pain from irritation of soft tissues, and an undersized component could lead to subsidence and failure.

Neurological status in paediatric upper limb injuries in the emergency department--current practice.

Background: In upper limb injuries it is important to assess associated neurological injury. The aim of this study was to assess the initial (Emergency Department (ED)) documentation of neurological status in paediatric patients presenting with upper limb injuries.

Findings: Case notes of paediatric patients admitted to the orthopaedic ward with upper limb injuries were retrospectively collected over a three month period.

Detection of cytoplasmic CD antigens within normal human peripheral blood leucocytes.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are capable of synthesizing various pro-inflammatory cytokines which may indirectly influence specific immune responses. PMNs may also have the capacity to present foreign peptides to helper T cells (Th cells). In support of this hypothesis, recent studies have shown that neutrophils, when activated by the correct combination of cytokines, can be induced to express cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II (DR) antigen, CD80 (B7.