Publications by authors named "Andrew G Lee"
Background: The prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is rising with the global obesity epidemic. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), such as acetazolamide, have been shown to be effective in IIH but can also lead to kidney stone formation. This study evaluates the risk of kidney stone development in patients with IIH treated with CAIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) following COVID-19 vaccination has been reported previously but the clinical characteristics, onset, treatment, and outcomes of these cases have not been previously systematically reviewed.
Methods: A systematic review, guided by PRISMA guidelines, surveyed PubMed and Embase databases from April 2021 to June 2023 for case reports and series detailing HZO following COVID-19 vaccination. Studies excluded were abstracts, reviews, and clinical trials.
A woman in her 70s, with a background of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), presented with headache and diplopia. Neuro-ophthalmic examination revealed a combination of Horner syndrome and ipsilateral pupil sparing oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP). Cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotyping demonstrated CD5 positive clonal B lymphocytes, consistent with neurological involvement by MCL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of systemic medications, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), fenofibrates, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), on the risk of developing diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records (EMR) data from the TriNetX health research network, covering a period from October 2004-2024.
Participants: The study population comprised patients diagnosed with T2DM who were newly initiated on GLP-1 RAs, fenofibrates, TZDs, or CCBs.
Visual processing involves numerous neuro-ophthalmic pathways that enable humans to perceive and interact with the world. These visual pathways can negatively impact visual perception and decision-making. The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) is a compensatory mechanism that stabilizes gaze on a target during head movement, such as running or turning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) encompasses a unique constellation of neuro-ocular findings in astronauts, including optic disc edema (ODE), globe flattening, chorioretinal folds, and hyperopic refractive shift. Although there are numerous neuro-ocular findings in SANS, the purpose of this review is to describe the novel, emerging concepts of the pathogenesis for the ODE specifically in SANS.
Recent Findings: While the initial hypotheses on the pathogenesis of ODE in SANS focused on possible elevated intracranial pressures (i.
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare but significant intracranial vascular malformations that are usually idiopathic and can lead to severe complications like venous hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage. We present 2 cases of DAVF occurring after venous sinus stenting (VSS) for presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in a 51-year-old and a 52-year-old female. In both patients, Cognard type 1 DAVF was detected by Catheter angiography and successfully obliterated with Onyx™ embolization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpaceflight associated dry eye syndrome (SADES): Radiation, stressors, and ocular surface health.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst)
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- Crewed spaceflight missions present health risks, notably changes to astronauts' tear film lipid layer, which can lead to complications like dry eye syndrome.
- The review focuses on existing studies related to tear film biophysics and the specific symptoms associated with spaceflight-associated dry eye syndrome (SADES).
- The insights gained can help address ocular health during long-duration missions, such as those planned for the Moon and Mars.
Article Synopsis
- A 40-year-old man with a history of migraines and a previous retinal detachment sought treatment for blurry vision in his right eye after a migraine episode that lasted longer than usual.
- Tests revealed he had significant visual field loss and an ischemic infarct in the left occipital lobe, which is critical for vision processing.
- The case highlights a rare complication known as migrainous infarction, where migraine with aura can lead to persistent visual changes due to brain damage.
Article Synopsis
- * To protect crew members from ocular injuries, the ISS uses ophthalmic medications, environmental support systems, radiation protection, and conducts thorough preflight screenings.
- * Future missions to the Moon and Mars, including NASA's Gateway Program, will face new challenges for eye health, necessitating ongoing research and improvements in safety protocols for astronauts in extraterrestrial environments.
Artificial intelligence in corneal diseases: A narrative review.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Corneal diseases are increasingly problematic, especially in areas with limited eye care resources, but AI can help automate their diagnosis and management.
- This review highlights AI’s effectiveness in diagnosing various corneal conditions, showing it often surpasses human accuracy by using combined imaging and clinical data.
- Although there are challenges like diverse patient populations and the complexity of AI models, advancements in explainable AI and better data handling can improve the situation.
Article Synopsis
- - Long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) poses specific health risks, notably Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), linked to changes in fluid dynamics and increased pressure in the brain due to microgravity.
- - SANS is unique to space environments, as there is no equivalent condition on Earth, although some studies attempt to simulate space conditions through bed rest and head-down tilting.
- - Proposed solutions to combat SANS include using thigh cuffs for blood flow regulation and devices like the impedance threshold device (ITD) to help reduce intracranial pressure.
Article Synopsis
- Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) helps shift blood from the upper body to the lower body, potentially helping astronauts deal with fluid redistribution effects in space.
- Over the past 50 years, advancements in LBNP technology have increased our understanding of how spaceflight affects various bodily systems, particularly in reducing bone loss.
- This study aims to review the historical development of LBNP and its potential uses in addressing the diverse physiological challenges astronauts face, while advocating for its broader application in ensuring astronaut health during space missions.
Coordinated lunar time (LTC): Implications of a lunar-centric time zone on astronaut health and space medicine.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst)
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Lunar exploration is crucial for advancing science, economic growth, and the potential for humans to live on multiple planets.
- On April 2, 2024, the Biden-Harris Administration emphasized the need for time standards beyond Earth, proposing the idea of Coordinated Lunar Time (CLT) for the moon.
- CLT would enhance astronaut health and mission efficiency, but requires international cooperation and agreements for its implementation.