Analysis of global nutrient gaps and their potential to be closed through redistribution and increased supply.

Global food systems are crucial for sustaining life on Earth. Although estimates suggest that the current production system can provide enough food and nutrients for everyone, equitable distribution remains challenging. Understanding global nutrient distribution is vital for addressing disparities and creating effective solutions for the present and future.

Waste to protein: A systematic review of a century of advancement in microbial fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts.

Increasing global consumption of protein over the last five decades, coupled with concerns about the impact on emissions of animal-based protein production, has created interest in alternative protein sources. Microbial proteins (MPs), derived through the fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts, present a promising option. This review assesses a century of advancements in this domain.

An Algorithm to Assess Calcium Bioavailability from Foods.

Background: The recommended calcium intakes to meet calcium requirements at various ages are based on average population absorption values. Absorption is altered by physiology, the calcium load, and type of food. The calcium intake necessary, therefore, to meet requirements depends upon diet composition, through bioavailability.

A machine learning-based score for precise echocardiographic assessment of cardiac remodelling in hypertensive young adults.

Aims: Accurate staging of hypertension-related cardiac changes, before the development of significant left ventricular hypertrophy, could help guide early prevention advice. We evaluated whether a novel semi-supervised machine learning approach could generate a clinically meaningful summary score of cardiac remodelling in hypertension.

Methods And Results: A contrastive trajectories inference approach was applied to data collected from three UK studies of young adults.

Adaptation to climate change through strategic integration of long fallow into cropping system in a dryland Mediterranean-type environment.

The crop-growing region of Western Australia characterized by a Mediterranean-type climate is projected to become warmer and drier. Appropriate selection of crop sequences will be of importance to cope with these climatic changes for this largest grain-producing region of Australia. Through linking a widely used crop model (APSIM), 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) with one Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP585) and economic analysis, we explored how the climate change would affect dryland wheat cropping and whether/how long fallow (the practice of leaving a field out of production for an entire growing season) could be integrated into wheat cropping system in Western Australia.

Current state of laboratory test utilization practices in the clinical laboratory.

Appropriate laboratory test utilization is of growing interest in the face of rising healthcare costs and documented evidence of over- and under-utilization. Building from published literature, laboratory organizations have recently published guidelines for establishing laboratory utilization management programs. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have consistently struggled to define rigorous evidence-based best practice recommendations due to the paucity of published data or the heterogeneity of available data.

Modeling the Contribution of Meat to Global Nutrient Availability.

An increasing global population requires increasing food and nutrient availability. Meat is recognized as a nutrient dense food, particularly notable for its high-quality protein content, B vitamin and mineral content. However, it is not known how important meat is currently in nourishing the global population.

Impacts of Professionalization and Wellbeing Policies on Scottish Prison Workers.

Prison workers occupy a niche role. Balancing the care and welfare of prisoners while simultaneously restricting their freedoms is a stressful job, laced with danger, that occurs entirely within the bounded context of the prison. Here, wellbeing and professionalism are closely linked and articulated through a range of policies.

Modeling the Contribution of Milk to Global Nutrition.

Nutrient-rich foods play a major role in countering the challenges of nourishing an increasing global population. Milk is a source of high-quality protein and bioavailable amino acids, several vitamins, and minerals such as calcium. We used the DELTA Model, which calculates the delivery of nutrition from global food production scenarios, to examine the role of milk in global nutrition.

What is evidence as evidence is used? A case of dualism?

How 'evidence' is conceptualised, generated and deployed in meso-level policy implementation on the ground is critical to health delivery. Using the case of a large-scale health service reconfiguration in northwest England, this study began as a narrative investigation into how different data types and sources are prioritised as NHS administrative structures change over time. During the research, one unpopular reconfiguration decision, the downgrading of a hospital, was challenged using judicial review.

Machine Learning Augmented Echocardiography for Diastolic Function Assessment.

Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is prevalent and is a diagnostic criterion for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-a burgeoning global health issue. As gold-standard invasive haemodynamic assessment of diastolic function is not routinely performed, clinical guidelines advise using echocardiography measures to determine the grade of diastolic function. However, the current process has suboptimal accuracy, regular indeterminate classifications and is susceptible to confounding from comorbidities.

Use of the DELTA Model to Understand the Food System and Global Nutrition.

Background: Increasing attention is being directed at the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of the global food system. However, a key aspect of a sustainable food system should be its ability to deliver nutrition to the global population. Quantifying nutrient adequacy with current tools is challenging.

Analysis of Inpatient and Emergency Department Serial Troponin Testing Intervals in the United States.

Background: Serial measurement of cardiac troponins (cTn) is central to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The time intervals between individual measurements may impact the speed and reliability of diagnosis. Published recommendations exist for these time intervals, but there is little previously published data on actual intervals in routine clinical settings.

The shifting influence of future water and temperature stress on the optimal flowering period for wheat in Western Australia.

An optimal flowering period (OFP) minimises the long-term combined risk of extreme weather events on crop yield and exists in all environments. With climate change, the frequency, timing and intensity of these events are likely to change, which in turn may shift the OFP. It is important to explore how the OFP would change under a future climate.

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: the UK experience.

Objective: Inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) managed medically has a poor prognosis. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) offers a new treatment for inoperable patients. The national BPA service for the UK opened in October 2015 and we now describe the treatment of our initial patient cohort.

Glucocorticoid Maturation of Fetal Cardiovascular Function.

The last decade has seen rapid advances in the understanding of the central role of glucocorticoids in preparing the fetus for life after birth. However, relative to other organ systems, maturation by glucocorticoids of the fetal cardiovascular system has been ignored. Here, we review the effects of glucocorticoids on fetal basal cardiovascular function and on the fetal cardiovascular defense responses to acute stress.

Globally consistent influences of seasonal precipitation limit grassland biomass response to elevated CO.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration should stimulate biomass production directly via biochemical stimulation of carbon assimilation, and indirectly via water savings caused by increased plant water-use efficiency. Because of these water savings, the CO fertilization effect (CFE) should be stronger at drier sites, yet large differences among experiments in grassland biomass response to elevated CO appear to be unrelated to annual precipitation, preventing useful generalizations. Here, we show that, as predicted, the impact of elevated CO on biomass production in 19 globally distributed temperate grassland experiments reduces as mean precipitation in seasons other than spring increases, but that it rises unexpectedly as mean spring precipitation increases.

A low-cost method to rapidly and accurately screen for transpiration efficiency in wheat.

Background: Wheat ( L.) productivity is commonly limited by the availability of water. Increasing transpiration efficiency (biomass produced per unit of water used, TE) can potentially lead to increased grain yield in water-limited environments ('more crop per drop').

Ageing and dying in the contemporary neoliberal prison system: Exploring the 'double burden' for older prisoners.

Prison populations across the world are increasing. In the United Kingdom, numbers have doubled in the last two decades, and older prisoners now constitute the fastest growing section of the prison population. One key reason for this shifting prisoner demographic is the growing numbers of men convicted of 'historic' sexual offences, many of whom are imprisoned for the first time in old age, and housed in prisons not suited to their needs.

The relationship between transpiration and nutrient uptake in wheat changes under elevated atmospheric CO.

The impact of elevated [CO ] (e[CO ]) on crops often includes a decrease in their nutrient concentrations where reduced transpiration-driven mass flow of nutrients has been suggested to play a role. We used two independent approaches, a free-air CO enrichment (FACE) experiment in the South Eastern wheat belt of Australia and a simulation study employing the agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM), to show that transpiration (mm) and nutrient uptake (g m ) of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) in wheat are correlated under e[CO ], but that nutrient uptake per unit water transpired is higher under e[CO ] than under ambient [CO ] (a[CO ]). This result suggests that transpiration-driven mass flow of nutrients contributes to decreases in nutrient concentrations under e[CO ], but cannot solely explain the overall decline.