Etiologies underlying pediatric papilledema at a tertiary care children's hospital.

Background: Pediatric papilledema is a common reason for ophthalmology evaluation in high acuity emergency department and inpatient settings. This study describes the frequency of consultation, causative diagnoses, and presenting characteristics of papilledema at a tertiary care children's hospital.

Methods: All consecutive patients seen in pediatric ophthalmology consultation or diagnosed with papilledema at a large children's hospital between January 1, 2021, and August 18, 2023, were retrospectively reviewed.

Stabilization of Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers In Vitro by the Neurotransmitters, Dopamine and Norepinephrine: The Effect of Oxidized Catecholamines.

Aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein has been identified in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and is initiated by the folding of the protein monomer into an amyloid form of insoluble fibrils. The neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine have been shown to both inhibit the formation of these fibrils and disaggregate existing fibrils, yielding the more toxic oligomeric form of α-synuclein. This study characterizes the stable oligomers formed through the aggregation and disaggregation processes in the presence of these catecholamines, and suggests differences in oligomer formation depending on the extent of oxidation of the neurotransmitter at the time of oligomerization.