Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Axillary Staging in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women all over the world and represents 7% of all cancer-related deaths in the UK. One of the most crucial elements in assessing a patient's prognosis and chance of survival with breast cancer is the condition of their axillary lymph nodes. Ultrasonography (US) is now used as a routine preoperative diagnostic tool for pretherapeutic axillary evaluation.

Correlation between the size of pheochromocytoma and the level of metanephrines.

Pheochromocytomas (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine catecholamine-producing tumors that arise from the chromaffin cells of either the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglionic tissues. Despite the recent advances in imaging technologies, biochemical evidence of excessive catecholamine production by the tumor is considered the most important test for the diagnosis of these tumors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of the catecholamine metabolites (normetanephrine and metanephrine) levels in the diagnosis of PHEO/PGLs and to evaluate if their levels correlate with the size of these tumors.

Breast lymphoma: General review.

Background: Lymphoma of the breast can be classified as either primary breast lymphoma (PBL) or secondary to systemic lymphoma (SBL). PBL is a rare disease with Diffuse Large B cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) being the most common subtype.

Objectives: In the current study, we represented eleven cases diagnosed with breast lymphoma in our trust; two of them had PBL and nine had SBL.

Pheochromocytoma associated with a succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation: A minireview and a case report.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal tissues. These tumors are characterized by an excessive secretion of catecholamines, which are responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disease. Although most of these tumors are sporadic, underlying genetic abnormalities may be present in up to 24% of the cases.

Correlation between preoperative calcium and parathormone levels with parathyroid gland volume.

Hyperparathyroidism is a prevalent disease with parathyroid adenomas being the most common cause. Surgical excision remains the standard treatment for parathyroid adenoma. Successful preoperative localization of the parathyroid adenoma could facilitate the decision regarding the extent of surgical exploration.