Rapid and non-invasive analysis of paracetamol overdose using paper arrow-mass spectrometry: a prospective observational study.

Background: Paracetamol is the most consumed medicine globally. Its accessibility contributes to common overdose. Paracetamol overdose is responsible for > 50% of acute liver failure cases, making it the second most common reason for a liver transplant.

Complete genome sequence of white sturgeon herpesvirus 2 isolated from farmed white sturgeon ().

The complete genome sequence of white sturgeon herpesvirus 2 (strain UC Davis) was determined. Comparative genomic analyses confirmed the classification of this virus in the species in the family .

A comprehensive data-driven model of cat primary visual cortex.

Knowledge integration based on the relationship between structure and function of the neural substrate is one of the main targets of neuroinformatics and data-driven computational modeling. However, the multiplicity of data sources, the diversity of benchmarks, the mixing of observables of different natures, and the necessity of a long-term, systematic approach make such a task challenging. Here we present a first snapshot of a long-term integrative modeling program designed to address this issue in the domain of the visual system: a comprehensive spiking model of cat primary visual cortex.

Unraveling clonal CD8 T cell expansion and identification of essential factors in γ-herpesvirus-induced lymphomagenesis.

Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) asymptomatically persists in its natural host, the wildebeest. However, cross-species transmission to cattle results in the induction of an acute and lethal peripheral T cell lymphoma-like disease (PTCL), named malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Our previous findings demonstrated an essential role for viral genome maintenance in infected CD8 T lymphocytes but the exact mechanism(s) leading to lymphoproliferation and MCF remained unknown.

A simple method for rapid cloning of complete herpesvirus genomes.

Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses and include important human and veterinary pathogens. Their genomes can be cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and genetically engineered in Escherichia coli using BAC recombineering methods. While the recombineering methods are efficient, the initial BAC-cloning step remains laborious.

Spatio-temporal spread of Lassa virus and a new rodent host in the Mano River Union area, West Africa.

The spread of Lassa virus (LASV) in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, which together are named the Mano River Union (MRU) area, was examined phylogeographically. To provide a reliable evolutionary scenario, new rodent-derived, whole LASV sequences were included. These were generated by metatranscriptomic next-generation sequencing from rodents sampled between 2003 and 2020 in 21 localities of Guinea and Sierra Leone.

Correction: He et al. In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage. 2023, , 1746.

In the original publication [...

Genome sequence of white sturgeon herpesvirus 1 isolated from farmed white sturgeon ().

The genome sequence of white sturgeon herpesvirus 1, which was isolated from farmed white sturgeon (), was determined. Comparative analyses suggest the classification of this virus as a new species in a new genus in the family .

Quantitative LC-MS study of compounds found predictive of COVID-19 severity and outcome.

Introduction: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in December 2019 multiple metabolomics studies have proposed predictive biomarkers of infection severity and outcome. Whilst some trends have emerged, the findings remain intangible and uninformative when it comes to new patients.

Objectives: In this study, we accurately quantitate a subset of compounds in patient serum that were found predictive of severity and outcome.

In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a virus that causes mass mortality in economically important spp. However, there have been no comprehensive studies into host susceptibility or permissivity with respect to developmental stage, and the major portal of viral entry into the host is still unclear. To help bridge these knowledge gaps, we developed the first ever recombinant strain of CyHV-2 expressing bioluminescent and fluorescent reporter genes.

An attenuated herpesvirus vectored vaccine candidate induces T-cell responses against highly conserved porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus M and NSP5 proteins that are unable to control infection.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a leading cause of economic loss in pig farming worldwide. Existing commercial vaccines, all based on modified live or inactivated PRRSV, fail to provide effective immunity against the highly diverse circulating strains of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective and broadly active PRRSV vaccines.

ADAM17 targeting by human cytomegalovirus remodels the cell surface proteome to simultaneously regulate multiple immune pathways.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major human pathogen whose life-long persistence is enabled by its remarkable capacity to systematically subvert host immune defenses. In exploring the finding that HCMV infection up-regulates tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), a ligand for the pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokine TNFα, we found that the underlying mechanism was due to targeting of the protease, A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). ADAM17 is the prototype 'sheddase', a family of proteases that cleaves other membrane-bound proteins to release biologically active ectodomains into the supernatant.

Increased prevalence of Parkinson's disease in alkaptonuria.

Amongst a cohort of 88 alkaptonuria (AKU) patients attending the United Kingdom National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC), four unrelated patients had co-existing Parkinson's disease (PD). Two of the NAC patients developed PD before receiving nitisinone (NIT) while the other two developed overt PD during NIT therapy. NIT lowers redox-active homogentisic acid (HGA) and profoundly increases tyrosine (TYR).

Direct Nanopore Sequencing of Human Cytomegalovirus Genomes from High-Viral-Load Clinical Samples.

Nanopore sequencing is becoming increasingly commonplace in clinical settings, particularly for diagnostic assessments and outbreak investigations, due to its portability, low cost, and ability to operate in near real-time. Although high sequencing error rates initially hampered the wider implementation of this technology, improvements have been made continually with each iteration of the sequencing hardware and base-calling software. Here, we assess the feasibility of using nanopore sequencing to determine the complete genomes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in high-viral-load clinical samples without viral DNA enrichment, PCR amplification, or prior knowledge of the sequences.

Alkaptonuria - Past, present and future.

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultra-rare inherited inborn error of metabolism that afflicts the tyrosine metabolic pathway, resulting in the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) in the circulation, and significant excretion in urine. Clinical manifestations, typically observed from the third decade of life, are lifelong and significantly affect the quality of life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the natural history of AKU, including clinical, biochemical and genetic perspectives.

Bovine Herpesvirus-4 Based Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity against Disease in a Rabbit Model.

() is a bacterial pathogen of pigs that has a major animal health and economic impact on the pig industry. Bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4) is a new virus-based vaccine vector that has been used for the immunogenic delivery of antigens from a variety of pathogens. In the present study, two recombinant BoHV-4-based vectors were evaluated for their ability to induce immunity and protection against in a rabbit model.

Identifying high-confidence variants in human cytomegalovirus genomes sequenced from clinical samples.

Understanding the intrahost evolution of viral populations has implications in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment and has recently made impressive advances from developments in high-throughput sequencing. However, the underlying analyses are very sensitive to sources of bias, error, and artefact in the data, and it is important that these are addressed adequately if robust conclusions are to be drawn. The key factors include (1) determining the number of viral strains present in the sample analysed; (2) monitoring the extent to which the data represent these strains and assessing the quality of these data; (3) dealing with the effects of cross-contamination; and (4) ensuring that the results are reproducible.

Susceptibility and Permissivity of Zebrafish () Larvae to Cypriniviruses.

The zebrafish () represents an increasingly important model organism in virology. We evaluated its utility in the study of economically important viruses from the genus (anguillid herpesvirus 1, cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3)). This revealed that zebrafish larvae were not susceptible to these viruses after immersion in contaminated water, but that infections could be established using artificial infection models in vitro (zebrafish cell lines) and in vivo (microinjection of larvae).

Identifying the genetic basis of viral spillover using Lassa virus as a test case.

The rate at which zoonotic viruses spill over into the human population varies significantly over space and time. Remarkably, we do not yet know how much of this variation is attributable to genetic variation within viral populations. This gap in understanding arises because we lack methods of genetic analysis that can be easily applied to zoonotic viruses, where the number of available viral sequences is often limited, and opportunistic sampling introduces significant population stratification.