Pre-Lab Videos as a Supplemental Teaching Tool in First-Year Veterinary Gross Anatomy.

To adapt to an interactive generation of learners, video resources can provide information necessary for lab preparation, describe clinical correlations, and maximize dissection time. In this study, dissection summary videos with embedded quizzes were to be viewed by K-State first-year veterinary students prior to their canine anatomy lab sessions. Videos were created using an iPhone, edited via Camtasia editing software, and uploaded to the course Canvas page.

Using spatial video and deep learning for automated mapping of ground-level context in relief camps.

Background: The creation of relief camps following a disaster, conflict or other form of externality often generates additional health problems. The density of people in a highly stressed environment with questionable safe food and water access presents the potential for infectious disease outbreaks. These camps are also not static data events but rather fluctuate in size, composition, and level and quality of service provision.

Bayesian geochemical correlation and tomography.

To accurately reconstruct palaeoenvironmental change through time it is important to determine which rock samples were deposited contemporaneously at different sites or transects, as erroneous correlation may lead to incorrectly inferred processes and rates. To correlate samples, current practice interpolates geological age between datable units along each transect, then temporal signatures observed in geochemical logs are matched between transects. Unfortunately spatiotemporally variable and unknown rates of sedimentary deposition create highly nonlinear space-time transforms, significantly altering apparent geochemical signatures.

Comparison of firocoxib and meloxicam for pain mitigation in goats undergoing surgical castration.

Objective: This study sought to determine whether firocoxib (FIRO) or meloxicam (MEL) was effective at providing analgesia after surgical castration in goats.

Animals: 18 intact male crossbred goats (6 to 8 months old) were enrolled with a mean weight of 32.6 (± 2.

Using spatial video geonarratives to improve nursing care for people who use drugs and experience homelessness: A methodology for nurses.

Background: People who are insecurely housed and use drugs are disproportionately affected by drug poisonings. Nurses are uniquely positioned to utilize harm reduction strategies to address the needs of the whole person. Needle debris encompasses drug paraphernalia discarded in public spaces.

Ancestral Origin and Dissemination Dynamics of Reemerging Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, Haiti.

The 2010 cholera epidemic in Haiti was thought to have ended in 2019, and the Prime Minister of Haiti declared the country cholera-free in February 2022. On September 25, 2022, cholera cases were again identified in Port-au-Prince. We compared genomic data from 42 clinical Vibrio cholerae strains from 2022 with data from 327 other strains from Haiti and 1,824 strains collected worldwide.

Optimal lameness induction model development using amphotericin B in meat goats.

Lameness continues to be a critical health and welfare concern associated with goat production. Amphotericin B (amp B) is an antimicrobial successful in inducing transient lameness for research purposes previously in livestock animals. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify which of three varying doses of amp B would be most effective in inducing lameness in meat type goats and (2) develop a facial grimace scale for goats.

[Improving access to maternities: a key challenge in low-resource settings].

In low- and middle-income countries, pregnant women face considerable challenges in accessing emergency obstetric and neonatal care services. Several factors contribute to this, such as insufficient availability of services, their inadequate geographical distribution, and a lack of qualified staff and infrastructure. The United Nations Population Fund, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, has deployed an innovative approach in 14 countries to optimise service quality and geographical accessibility.

Disparities in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic Pre-vaccine and Post-Vaccine Availability.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in medical care, resulting in an estimated 40% of US adults avoiding care. However, the return to baseline health care utilization following COVID-19 restrictions within the pediatric orthopedic population remains unexplored. We sought to analyze the visit volume and demographics of pediatric orthopedic patients at 3 timepoints: prepandemic (2019), pandemic (2020), and pandemic post-vaccine availability (2021), to determine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on our single-center, multisite institution.

The utility of Zip4 codes in spatial epidemiological analysis.

There are many public health situations within the United States that require fine geographical scale data to effectively inform response and intervention strategies. However, a condition for accessing and analyzing such data, especially when multiple institutions are involved, is being able to preserve a degree of spatial privacy and confidentiality. Hospitals and state health departments, who are generally the custodians of these fine-scale health data, are sometimes understandably hesitant to collaborate with each other due to these concerns.

Prevalence and geographic features of patients eligible for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: This study sought to identify Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCA) eligible for Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR), use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate geographic patterns, and investigate if correlation between ECPR candidacy and Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) exist.

Methods: This study is of emergency medical service (EMS) runs for OHCA to an urban medical center from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. All runs were filtered to inclusion criteria for ECPR: age 18-65, initial shockable rhythm, and no return of spontaneous circulation within initial defibrillations.

The Use of Spatial Video to Map Dynamic and Challenging Environments: A Case Study of Cholera Risk in the Mujoga Relief Camp, D.R.C.

In this paper, we provide an overview of how spatial video data collection enriched with contextual mapping can be used as a universal tool to investigate sub-neighborhood scale health risks, including cholera, in challenging environments. To illustrate the method's flexibility, we consider the life cycle of the Mujoga relief camp set up after the Nyiragongo volcanic eruption in the Democratic Republic of Congo on 22 May 2021. More specifically we investigate how these methods have captured the deteriorating conditions in a camp which is also experiencing lab-confirmed cholera cases.

Seismic events miss important kinematically governed grain scale mechanisms during shear failure of porous rock.

Catastrophic failure in brittle, porous materials initiates when smaller-scale fractures localise along an emergent fault zone in a transition from stable crack growth to dynamic rupture. Due to the rapid nature of this critical transition, the precise micro-mechanisms involved are poorly understood and difficult to image directly. Here, we observe these micro-mechanisms directly by controlling the microcracking rate to slow down the transition in a unique rock deformation experiment that combines acoustic monitoring (sound) with contemporaneous in-situ x-ray imaging (vision) of the microstructure.

Delivering an Immunocastration Vaccine via a Novel Subcutaneous Implant.

Immunocastration relies on the vaccine-mediated stimulation of an immune response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in order to interrupt spermatogenesis. This approach offers a less painful alternative to traditional castration approaches but the current, commercially available options require multiple doses of vaccine to maintain sterility. Thus, a series of pilot studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of a single-dose immunocastration vaccine implant.

Internal absorbing boundary conditions for closed-aperture wavefield decomposition in solid media with unknown interiors.

We present a method to create an internal numerical absorbing boundary within elastic solid media whose properties are largely unknown and use it to create the first wavefield separation method that retrieves all orders of outgoing elastic wavefield constituents for real data recorded on a closed free surface. The recorded data are injected into a numerical finite-difference (FD) simulation along a closed, transparent surface, and the new internal numerical absorbing boundary condition achieves high attenuation of the ingoing waves radiated from the injection surface. This internal wave absorption enables the data injection to radiate all outgoing waves for experimental domains that include arbitrary unknown scatterers in the interior.

Spatial Syndromic Surveillance and COVID-19 in the U.S.: Local Cluster Mapping for Pandemic Preparedness.

Maps have become the de facto primary mode of visualizing the COVID-19 pandemic, from identifying local disease and vaccination patterns to understanding global trends. In addition to their widespread utilization for public communication, there have been a variety of advances in spatial methods created for localized operational needs. While broader dissemination of this more granular work is not commonplace due to the protections under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), its role has been foundational to pandemic response for health systems, hospitals, and government agencies.

Spatial Video and EpiExplorer: A Field Strategy to Contextualize Enteric Disease Risk in Slum Environments.

Disease risk associated with contaminated water, poor sanitation, and hygiene in informal settlement environments is conceptually well understood. From an analytical perspective, collecting data at a suitably fine scale spatial and temporal granularity is challenging. Novel mobile methodologies, such as spatial video (SV), can complement more traditional epidemiological field work to address this gap.

Mapping Mobility: Utilizing Local-Knowledge-Derived Activity Space to Estimate Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution among Individuals Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness.

Individuals experiencing homelessness represent a growing population in the United States. Air pollution exposure among individuals experiencing homelessness has not been quantified. Utilizing local knowledge mapping, we generated activity spaces for 62 individuals experiencing homelessness residing in a semi-rural county within the United States.

VisualCommunity: a platform for archiving and studying communities.

VisualCommunity is a platform designed to support community or neighborhood scale research. The platform integrates mobile, AI, visualization techniques, along with tools to help domain researchers, practitioners, and students collecting and working with spatialized video and geo-narratives. These data, which provide granular spatialized imagery and associated context gained through expert commentary have previously provided value in understanding various community-scale challenges.

Optimising scale and deployment of community health workers in Sierra Leone: a geospatial analysis.

Background: Little is known about strategies for optimising the scale and deployment of community health workers (CHWs) to maximise geographic accessibility of primary healthcare services.

Methods: We used data from a national georeferenced census of CHWs and other spatial datasets in Sierra Leone to undertake a geospatial analysis exploring optimisation of the scale and deployment of CHWs, with the aim of informing implementation of current CHW policy and future plans of the Ministry of Health and Sanitation.

Results: The per cent of the population within 30 min walking to the nearest CHW with preservice training increased from 16.

Targeted mutagenesis in Anaplasma marginale to define virulence and vaccine development against bovine anaplasmosis.

Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these pathogens. In addition, vaccines conferring protection against diseases caused by Anaplasma species are not available.

An Exploration of Narcan as a Harm Reduction Strategy and User's Attitudes toward Law Enforcement Involvement in Overdose Cases.

The street homeless, those who spend their nights either in shelters or unofficial camps, whether in tents on a street or in society's hidden spaces such as beneath an overpass, face multiple challenges beyond finding a safe place to sleep. Of further concern is how official actions can worsen these situations, through day-to-day activities or planned intervention strategies. In this paper we explore how a planned intervention may be negatively perceived-even as a form of "structural violence"-and may prevent Narcan (naloxone) use to stop an overdose related death in the Skid Row of Los Angeles.

The effect of breed, sex, and oral meloxicam administration on pain biomarkers following hot-iron branding in Hereford and Angus calves.

Hot-iron branding uses thermal injury to permanently identify cattle causing painful tissue damage. The primary objective was to examine the physiological and behavioral effects of oral meloxicam (MEL), compared to a control, administered at the time of hot-iron branding in Angus and Hereford steers and heifers. The secondary objectives were to investigate breed and sex effects on pain biomarkers.