Examining breast cancer screening recommendations in Canada: The projected resource impact of screening among women aged 40-49.

Objective: To quantify the resource use of revising breast cancer screening guidelines to include average-risk women aged 40-49 years across Canada from 2024 to 2043 using a validated microsimulation model.

Setting: OncoSim-Breast microsimulation platform was used to simulate the entire Canadian population in 2015-2051.

Methods: We compared resource use between current screening guidelines (biennial screening ages 50-74) and alternate screening scenarios, which included annual and biennial screening for ages 40-49 and ages 45-49, followed by biennial screening ages 50-74.

The impact on clinical outcomes and healthcare resources from discontinuing colonoscopy surveillance subsequent to low-risk adenoma removal: A simulation study using the OncoSim-Colorectal model.

Objective: To estimate the impact on clinical outcomes and healthcare resource use from recommending that patients with 1-2 low-risk adenomas (LRAs) return to routine fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening instead of surveillance colonoscopy, from a Canadian provincial healthcare system perspective.

Methods: The OncoSim-Colorectal microsimulation model simulated average-risk individuals eligible for FIT-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in Alberta, Canada. We simulated two surveillance strategies that applied to individuals with 1-2 LRAs (<10 mm) removed as part of the average risk CRC screening program: (a) Surveillance colonoscopy (status quo) and (b) return to FIT screening (new strategy); both at 5 years after polypectomy.

The OncoSim-Breast Cancer Microsimulation Model.

Background: OncoSim-Breast is a Canadian breast cancer simulation model to evaluate breast cancer interventions. This paper aims to describe the OncoSim-Breast model and how well it reproduces observed breast cancer trends.

Methods: The OncoSim-Breast model simulates the onset, growth, and spread of invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ tumours.

Women's acceptability of and experience with primary human papillomavirus testing for cervix screening: HPV FOCAL trial cross-sectional online survey results.

Objective: To study participant's acceptability of and attitudes towards human papillomavirus (HPV) testing compared with cytology for cervical cancer screening and what impact having an HPV positive result may have in future acceptability of screening.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey of clinical trial participants.

Setting: Primary care, population-based Cervix Screening Program, British Columbia, Canada.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of primary human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: Results from the HPV FOCAL Trial.

The Human Papillomavirus FOr CervicAL cancer (HPV FOCAL) trial is a large randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of primary HPV testing to cytology among women in the population-based Cervix Screening Program in British Columbia, Canada. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis based on the HPV FOCAL trial to estimate the incremental cost per detected high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse lesions (CIN2+). A total of 19,009 women aged 25 to 65 were randomized to one of two study groups.

The impact of episodic screening interruption: COVID-19 and population-based cancer screening in Canada.

Background: Population-based cancer screening can reduce cancer burden but was interrupted temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated the long-term clinical impact of breast and colorectal cancer screening interruptions in Canada using a validated mathematical model.

Methods: We used the OncoSim breast and colorectal cancers microsimulation models to explore scenarios of primary screening stops for 3, 6, and 12 months followed by 6-24-month transition periods of reduced screening volumes.

Assessing 10-Year Safety of a Single Negative HPV Test for Cervical Cancer Screening: Evidence from FOCAL-DECADE Cohort.

Background: Long-term safety of a single negative human papillomavirus (HPV) test for cervical cancer screening is unclear. The HPV FOr cerviCAL Cancer Trial (FOCAL) was a randomized trial comparing HPV testing with cytology. The FOCAL-DECADE cohort tracked women who received one HPV test during FOCAL, and were HPV negative, for up to 10 years to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) detected through a provincial screening program.

Novel Microbial-Based Immunotherapy Approach for Crohn's Disease.

Current Crohn's disease (CD) therapies focus on suppressing immune function and come with consequent risk, such as infection and cancer. Notwithstanding, most CD patients still experience disease progression. There is a need for new CD treatment strategies that offer better health outcomes for patients.

Disease detection at the 48-month exit round of the HPV FOCAL cervical cancer screening trial in women per-protocol eligible for routine screening.

HPV FOCAL is a randomized control trial of cervical cancer screening. The intervention arm received baseline screening for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the control arm received liquid-based cytology (LBC) at baseline and 24 months. Both arms received 48-month exit HPV and LBC cotesting.

Evaluation of a validated methylation triage signature for human papillomavirus positive women in the HPV FOCAL cervical cancer screening trial.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical cancer screening requires triage of HPV positive women to identify those at risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or worse. We conducted a blinded case-control study within the HPV FOCAL randomized cervical cancer screening trial of women aged 25-65 to examine whether baseline methylation testing using the S5 classifier provided triage performance similar to an algorithm relying on cytology and HPV genotyping. Groups were randomly selected from women with known HPV/cytology results and pathology outcomes.

Comparative performance of human papillomavirus messenger RNA versus DNA screening tests at baseline and 48 months in the HPV FOCAL trial.

Background: HPV FOCAL is a randomized trial comparing high-risk HPV [Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2)] vs. liquid-based cytology (LBC) for primary cervical screening.

Objective: The present study objective was to compare Aptima HPV (AHPV) and HC2 assay performance at the intervention arm baseline and 48 mo.

Effect of Screening With Primary Cervical HPV Testing vs Cytology Testing on High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia at 48 Months: The HPV FOCAL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is limited information about the relative effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing alone compared with cytology in North American populations.

Objective: To evaluate histologically confirmed cumulative incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) detected up to and including 48 months by primary HPV testing alone (intervention) or liquid-based cytology (control).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial conducted in an organized Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Canada.

Post-Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing as a Test of Cure: The British Columbia Experience.

Objectives: To determine whether Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test (HC2) can be used as a test of cure in women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+) and allow discharge from colposcopy follow-up with a return to a cytology-based screening program for HC2-negative women.

Materials And Methods: Data were analyzed for all women who underwent a loop electrosurgical excision procedure between August 1, 2008, and June 30, 2011, and had a valid HC2 result after loop electrosurgical excision procedure and follow-up histopathology result, to determine risk of persistent or recurrent CIN 2+ in HC2-positive and HC2-negative women.

Results: Two thousand three hundred forty women had adequate biopsies and valid HC2 results.

Cancer in First Nations people living in British Columbia, Canada: an analysis of incidence and survival from 1993 to 2010.

Background: For First Nations (FN) peoples living in British Columbia (BC), little is known regarding cancer in the population. The aim of this study was to explore cancer incidence and survival in the FN population of BC and compare it to the non-FN population.

Methods: All new cancers diagnosed from 1993 to 2010 were linked to the First Nations Client File (FNCF).

Performance of a quantitative fecal immunochemical test in a colorectal cancer screening pilot program: a prospective cohort study.

Background: British Columbia undertook a colorectal cancer screening pilot program in 3 communities. Our objective was to assess the performance of 2-specimen fecal immunochemical testing in the detection of colorectal neoplasms in this population-based screening program.

Methods: A prospective cohort of asymptomatic, average-risk people aged 50 to 74 years completed 2 quantitative fecal immunochemical tests every 2 years, with follow-up colonoscopy if the result of either test was positive.

Aptima HPV Assay versus Hybrid Capture 2 HPV test for primary cervical cancer screening in the HPV FOCAL trial.

Background: Cervical cancer screening programs are switching from Pap screening to high-risk HPV testing.

Objectives: To compare the Aptima HPV Assay (AHPV) with the Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test (HC2) for primary cervical screening.

Study Design: HPV FOCAL is a randomized trial comparing HC2 to liquid-based cytology (LBC) for screening women aged 25-65.

Disease detection and resource use in the safety and control arms of the HPV FOCAL cervical cancer screening trial.

Background: The HPV FOCAL Trial is a RCT comparing human papilloma virus (HPV) with Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) screening for cervical cancer. Results are presented for the comparison of the Safety and Control arms after two rounds.

Methods: HPV FOCAL included randomisation of women aged 25-65 into the Safety arm, where they were initially screened with HPV and the Control arm, where they received entry screening with LBC, with both arms screened again with LBC at 24 months.

Cervical cancer incidence in British Columbia: Predicting effects of changes from Pap to human papillomavirus screening and of changes in screening participation.

Objectives To estimate the impact of increased participation in screening, and of the proposed change from Pap to human papillomavirus screening on the incidence of cervical cancer in British Columbia. Methods For invasive cervical cancer cases diagnosed in British Columbia between 2002 and 2011, data were extracted on age and cancer morphology from the British Columbia Cancer Registry, and Pap screening history was obtained from the British Columbia Cervical Cancer Screening Program database. Only screening performed two to seven years prior to diagnosis was assumed to reduce subsequent risk of cancer.

HPV for cervical cancer screening (HPV FOCAL): Complete Round 1 results of a randomized trial comparing HPV-based primary screening to liquid-based cytology for cervical cancer.

Unlabelled: Complete Round 1 data (baseline and 12-month follow-up) for HPV FOCAL, a randomized trial establishing the efficacy of HPV DNA testing with cytology triage as a primary screen for cervical cancer are presented. Women were randomized to one of three arms: Control arm - Baseline liquid-based cytology (LBC) with ASCUS results triaged with HPV testing; Intervention and Safety arms - Baseline HPV with LBC triage for HPV positives. Results are presented for 15,744 women allocated to the HPV (intervention and safety combined) and 9,408 to the control arms.

Correlates of women's intentions to be screened for human papillomavirus for cervical cancer screening with an extended interval.

Background: High-risk HPV DNA testing has been proposed as a primary tool for cervical cancer screening (HPV-CCS) as an alternative to the Papanicolaou cytology- method. This study describes factors associated with women's intentions to attend cervical cancer screening if high-risk HPV DNA testing (HPV-CCS) was implemented as a primary screening tool, and if screening were conducted every 4 years starting after age 25.

Methods: This online survey was designed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to assess factors that impact women's intentions to attend HPV-CCS among women aged 25-69 upon exit of the HPV FOCAL trial.

WITHDRAWN: Immunotherapy for advanced renal cell cancer.

This review is being updated and replaced following the publication of a new protocol (Unverzagt S, Moldenhauer I, Coppin C, Greco F, Seliger B. Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma [Protocol]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 4.

Comparison of the Roche cobas® 4800 and Digene Hybrid Capture® 2 HPV tests for primary cervical cancer screening in the HPV FOCAL trial.

Background: HPV FOCAL is a randomized trial (ISRCTN79347302, registered 20 Apr 2007) comparing high-risk (hr) HPV testing vs. liquid-based cytology (LBC) for cervical cancer screening of women aged 25-65. We compared the Digene Hybrid Capture® 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test® (HC2) and the Roche cobas® 4800 HPV Test (COBAS) for primary screening.