The Application of Knowledge Engineering via the Use of a Biomimetic Digital Twin Ecosystem, Phenotype-Driven Variant Analysis, and Exome Sequencing to Understand the Molecular Mechanisms of Disease.

Applied artificial intelligence, particularly large language models, in biomedical research is accelerating, but effective discovery and validation requires a toolset without limitations or bias. On January 30, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NAS) appointed an ad hoc committee to identify the needs and opportunities to advance the mathematical, statistical, and computational foundations of digital twins in applications across science, medicine, engineering, and society. On December 15, 2023, the NAS released a 164-page report, "Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for Digital Twins.

Two different microarray technologies for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening, due to reciprocal translocation imbalances, demonstrate equivalent euploidy and clinical pregnancy rates.

Purpose: To compare single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) microarray platforms to evaluate embryos for parental translocation imbalances and aneuploidy.

Methods: A retrospective review of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/PGS) results of 498 embryos from 63 couples undergoing 75 in vitro fertilization cycles due to parental carriers of a reciprocal translocation.

Results: There was no significant difference between SNP and aCGH microarrays when comparing the prevalence of embryos that were euploid with no translocation imbalance, euploidy with a parental translocation imbalance or aneuploid with or without the parental chromosome imbalance.

Increased IVF pregnancy rates after microarray preimplantation genetic diagnosis due to parental translocations.

We successfully performed preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and simultaneous preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays for couples with balanced chromosome rearrangements in China. A total of 428 molecular karyotypes were diagnosed from 62 couples undergoing 68 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Of these, 48.

Single-gene testing combined with single nucleotide polymorphism microarray preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy: a novel approach in optimizing pregnancy outcome.

Objective: To describe a method of amplifying DNA from blastocyst trophectoderm cells (two or three cells) and simultaneously performing 23-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and single-gene preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Design: Case report.

Setting: IVF clinic and preimplantation genetic diagnostic centers.