Re-evaluation of histological findings after colocystoplasty and gastrocystoplasty.

Introduction: The potential of malignant transformation and its risk factors after bladder augmentation performed in childhood are still unknown. The necessity of surveillance cystoscopies and biopsies has been questioned in the past decade.

Objective: In a previous study, the authors did not detect any malignancy after colocystoplasty (CCP) or gastrocystoplasty (GCP) during the short-term follow-up, however, various alterations of the mucosa were found.

Long-term histological and mucin alterations in the neobladder mucosa following urinary bladder augmentation or substitution with gastrointestinal segment.

Introduction: Bladder augmentation is widely used to treat otherwise unmanageable urinary incontinence. However, it is associated with a large number of complications, of which tumor formation is the most severe. Mucin proteins and MUC genes are linked, among others, to malignancies of the urinary bladder and the gastrointestinal system.

Composite urinary reservoir in dogs: histological findings.

Purpose: This animal study was designed to investigate whether the composite urinary reservoir might lessen the premalignant histological alterations observed after bladder augmentation performed with a gastric segment or large bowel.

Materials And Methods: Composite urinary reservoirs were created using gastric and colonic segments simultaneously in 8, 3-month-old female beagle dogs by augmenting half the native bladder. Two dogs with gastrocystoplasty and 2 with colocystoplasty served as controls.

Re-evaluation of histological findings of nonparasitic splenic cysts.

Objective: The pathogenesis of nonparasitic splenic cysts (NPSCs) has not been clarified completely. The aim of this multinational and multicentre retrospective study was to further elucidate the origin of NPSCs.

Methods: From 1980 to 2006, 50 children and adolescents were surgically treated for NPSC at six paediatric surgical centres in four European countries.

Combination of vesicoureteric reflux and vesicoureteric junction obstruction.

Objective: This study analysed the association of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and vesicoureteric junction obstruction (VUJO) requiring surgical interventions in infants and children.

Material And Methods: Over 30 years (1975-2004) 423 infants and children were operated on because of VUR, 163 owing to VUJO and 25 patients (33 ureters) with a combination of VUR and obstruction of the vesicoureteric junction on the same side. For both pathological entities ureteral reimplantation was performed along with excision of the narrowed and refluxing distal ureteric segment.

Quality of life: urinary bladder augmentation or substitution in children.

Purpose: Bladder augmentation and substitution has been assumed to improve health-related quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence. This study was performed to elicit an evidence base for or against the above hypothesis.

Methods: Between 1988 and 2006, 67 bladder augmentations and 7 bladder substitutions were performed at our institute.

End-of-life decision before and after birth: changing ethical considerations.

Despite the dramatic improvement in the outcome of somatically handicapped neonates, vexing ethical issues remain. In which fetuses would termination be indicated? In which neonates are the malformations so serious that surgery and intensive care should not be initiated (withholding or not starting treatment)? Conversely, in which neonates should the initiated treatment be stopped (withdrawal of treatment)? These questions pose huge medical, legal, ethical, moral, and financial problems for doctors, lawyers, ethicists, and families. Fetuses and neonates with congenital anomalies can be divided into 6 groups: 1, those who have the potential for total recovery; 2, those with anomalies that would allow for a nearly normal life; 3, those with malformations requiring permanent supervision and/or medical care; 4, those with somatic rest defect and subnormal mental development; 5, those with serious somatic and mental damage; and 6, those with anomalies that are incompatible with life.

Role of the Teflon deposit in the recurrence of vesicoureteral reflux.

A relationship between the Teflon deposit, visible with ultrasound, and long-term success of subureteric Teflon injection (STING) treatment was investigated. The study included only those patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), in whom the reflux had disappeared and the Teflon deposits were visible 6 weeks following STING treatment. Cessation of VUR was proven by voiding cysto-urethrography (VCUG) in 99 patients (143 ureters).

A therapeutic method for failed bladder augmentation in children: re-augmentation.

Objective: To investigate the causes leading to the deterioration of previously successful bladder augmentation and to evaluate the efficacy of re-augmentation.

Patients And Methods: Between 1988 and 2004, 136 bladder augmentations were performed in two paediatric urological units in Hungary and Turkey. Re-augmentation was necessary in two patients after colocystoplasty and in three after gastrocystoplasty.

Histologic findings after gastrocystoplasty in rabbits.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term histologic changes after bladder augmentation with gastric segment in an animal subject.

Materials And Methods: Gastrocystoplasty was performed in 13 young, 3-month-old male rabbits. Open biopsies were taken from the native bladder and the gastric segment preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

A long-term follow-up of five patients with atresia of the common bile duct.

Background/purpose: Description of the long-term follow-up of 5 patients operated on for atresia of the common bile duct.

Methods: During a 25-year period (1960 to 1985) 45 infants underwent surgical exploration for biliary atresia (BA), of which, 5 (11.1%) were found to have atresia of the common bile duct.

Extremely long frenulum leading to a giant preputial sac associated with concealed penis.

We describe a case involving an abnormally long frenulum leading to a giant preputial sac on micturition associated with a concealed penis. The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and surgical correction are detailed.

Seromuscular gastrocystoplasty in dogs.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of seromuscular gastrocystoplasty (SGCP) in an animal model and to compare it to conventional gastrocystoplasty (CGCP).

Materials And Methods: CGCP and SGCP (using gastric segments without mucosa) were each performed in 6 dogs. In both procedures, two-thirds of the dome of the bladder were excised and the gastric segment anastomosed to the bladder remnant.

Long-term follow-up of cancer in neonates and infants: a national survey of 142 patients.

To determine the mortality and survival rates, side effects of surgery and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy, somatic development, and fertility, the data of 142 patients under the age of 1 year operated upon for solid malignant tumors from 1975 through 1983 were analyzed. The follow-up period ranged from 16 to 25 years (mean 20); 79 patients survived. The male/female ratio of the survivors was 51/28.