The STAT3-Regulated Autophagy Pathway in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults with a dismal prognosis. Despite advances in genomic analysis and surgical technique and the development of targeted therapeutics, most treatment options are ineffective and mainly palliative. Autophagy is a form of cellular self-digestion with the goal of recycling intracellular components to maintain cell metabolism.

Cushing Disease: Medical and Surgical Considerations.

Cushing disease is a disorder of hypercortisolemia caused by hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary adenoma and is a rare diagnosis. Cushing disease presents with characteristic clinical signs and symptoms associated with excess cortisol, but diagnosis is difficult and often relies on repeated and varied endocrinologic assays and neuroradiologic investigations. Gold standard treatment is surgical resection of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, which is curative.

High-Grade Sarcoma Arising within a Previously Irradiated Vestibular Schwannoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors of the cerebellopontine angle that are often treated with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy maintains good tumor control rates but involves a small risk of radiation-induced malignancies. We present a case of high-grade sarcoma arising within a previously irradiated vestibular schwannoma and a literature review of this rare but important clinical entity.

Fusiform dilatation of the internal carotid artery following childhood craniopharyngioma resection treated by endovascular flow diversion-A case report and literature review.

Fusiform dilatation of the internal carotid artery (FDICA) is a well-described radiographic finding following resection of childhood craniopharyngioma (CP). A 39-year-old woman with right-sided FDICA was successfully treated for lesion enlargement with endovascular flow diversion, which has not been described in the literature.

Multiple intracranial aneurysms in a patient with type I Gaucher disease: a case report and literature review.

Multiple intracranial aneurysms (IAs) have never been reported in a patient with Gaucher disease (GD). A 69-year-old-female with type I GD presented with a left sixth nerve palsy due to a large posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm. Cerebral angiography demonstrated fifteen unruptured IAs (UIAs).

The Role of Intraoperative Cerebral Angiography in Transorbital Intracranial Penetrating Trauma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Transorbital intracranial penetrating trauma with a retained intracranial foreign body is a rare event lacking a widely accepted diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Intraoperative catheter angiography (IOA) has been advocated by some authorities to rule out cerebrovascular injury before and/or after removal of the object, but no standard of care currently exists.

Case Description: A 19-year-old man was involved in a construction site accident whereby a framing nail penetrated the left globe, traversed the lateral bony orbit, and terminated in the midtemporal lobe.

Subacute Posttraumatic Ascending Myelopathy After an Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury from a Gunshot Wound to the Spine: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy (SPAM) is a rare event that occurs after spinal cord trauma or ischemia. SPAM is defined as progressive loss of spinal cord or nerve root function days to weeks after the initial trauma that cannot be attributed to mechanical instability. Because of the rarity of this condition, there is no clear understanding of its cause, natural history, or treatment guidelines for patient management.

Dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity in relation to adiposity, dyslipidemia, and incident dysglycemia in the pathobiology of prediabetes in a biracial cohort study.

Background: Dietary and exercise data are frequently recorded in clinical research, but their correlation with metabolic measures needs further evaluation.

Objective: We examined the association of food and exercise habits with body size, lipid profile, and glycemia in a prospective biracial cohort.

Methods: The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for the occurrence of incident prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Evaluation of a fixed, weight-based dose of 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate without adjunctive plasma following warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage.

Introduction: Data regarding use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for international normalization ratio (INR) reversal in warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage (wICH) is variable with regards to dosages, adjunctive agents, and product choice. In 2012, we implemented a fixed, weight-based [30 IU/kg] dosing protocol of 3-factor PCC (3PCC) utilizing a rapid infusion rate and no requirement for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) following factor product administration. We aimed to evaluate the impact of this protocol on immediate and delayed INR reversal in patients admitted with wICH in the absence of FFP co-administration.

The middle fossa approach for the removal of a trochlear schwannoma.

Objectives. Schwannomas originating from the trochlear nerve are extremely rare; only 30 cases have been reported in the literature. Many operative approaches have been utilized for lesion resection, but the advantages of the anterior transpetrosal approach are numerous and include excellent exposure, minimal extradural retraction of the temporal lobe, and minimal cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Effectiveness of pseudoephedrine as adjunctive therapy for neurogenic shock after acute spinal cord injury: a case series.

Study Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pseudoephedrine as adjunctive therapy for neurogenic shock in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Case series.

Setting: Academic medical center.