Association between asthma status and prenatal antibiotic prescription fills among women in a Medicaid population.

Objective: Pregnant women with asthma have increased frequency of respiratory viral infections and exacerbations. Because of these risks, women with asthma may be subject to increased surveillance during pregnancy and may, therefore, be at increased risk of antibiotic receipt. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal asthma and outpatient prenatal antibiotic prescription fills to inform antibiotic stewardship.

Dose, Timing, and Spectrum of Prenatal Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of Childhood Asthma.

Background: The potential for prenatal antibiotic exposure to influence asthma risk is not clear. We aimed to determine the effect of timing, dose, and spectrum of prenatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of childhood asthma.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of 84 214 mother-child dyads to examine the association of prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma using multivariable logistic regression models.

Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis and Subsequent Risk of Pneumonia, Otitis Media, and Antibiotic Utilization.

Infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in the first 6 months of life was associated with increased odds of pneumonia, otitis media, and antibiotic prescription fills in the second 6 months of life. These data suggest a potential value of future RSV vaccination programs on subsequent respiratory health.

Dose, Timing, and Type of Infant Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Childhood Asthma.

Background: Aspects of infant antibiotic exposure and its association with asthma development have been variably explored. We aimed to evaluate comprehensively and simultaneously the impact of dose, timing, and type of infant antibiotic use on the risk of childhood asthma.

Methods: Singleton, term-birth, non-low-birth-weight, and otherwise healthy children enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid Program were included.

Immediate Hypersensitivity to Polyethylene Glycols and Polysorbates: More Common Than We Have Recognized.

Background: The most common immediate hypersensitivity to macrogols is associated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350; however, the epidemiology, mechanisms, and cross-reactivity are poorly understood. Thousands of medications contain either PEGs or structurally similar polysorbates.

Objective: Our objective was to better understand the mechanism, cross-reactivity, and scope of PEG hypersensitivity.

The impact of modifiable risk factor reduction on childhood asthma development.

Childhood asthma is responsible for significant morbidity and health care expenditures in the United States. The incidence of asthma is greatest in early childhood, and the prevalence is projected to continue rising in the absence of prevention and intervention measures. The prevention of asthma will likely require a multifaceted intervention strategy; however, few randomized controlled trials have assessed such approaches.

Is the "July Effect" Real? Pediatric Trainee Reported Medical Errors and Adverse Events.

Introduction: The "July Effect" suggests an increase in patient adverse events in July compared with other months due to the introduction of new providers throughout the training continuum. The aim of this initiative was to analyze reported pediatric trainee medical errors from May through September 2015 at a tertiary care free-standing academic children's hospital to determine if there were more reported medical errors and more adverse events from those errors in July.

Methods: An error surveillance system is used to report and track near misses, adverse events, and medical errors.