Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm: an unusual complication of tibial traction.

Traction pins are an essential tool in the orthopedic surgeon's armamentarium. Historically a definitive treatment for some fractures, they are mainly used as a temporizing measure today. Despite their frequent use and relative simplicity, traction pins can have complications, many of which can be subtle and easily overlooked.

Footprint of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle.

Background: We describe the topographic anatomy of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Methods: Dissection of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) was performed on 8 unpaired fresh-frozen cadaver feet. Ligaments were sharply dissected from bone, and the footprint was outlined with radio-opaque paint.

Mechanical noise enhances signal transmission in the bullfrog sacculus.

Noise has been commonly thought to degrade the performance of sensory systems. However, it is now clear that the detection and transmission of weak signals in sensory systems can be enhanced by noise via stochastic resonance (SR). In hair cells, the quality of mechanoelectrical transduction is enhanced up to twofold by nanometer level mechanical noise acting on the hair bundle.