Football (soccer) match-derived hamstring muscles residual fatigue can be monitored using early rate of torque development.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether a soccer match affects the rapid force-generating capacity of the hamstring muscles, given their key role in both horizontal ground reaction force production during sprint biomechanics, and in the deceleration of the shank during the late swing phase, where rapid force production is essential owing to time constraints. Therefore, the research objective was to determine soccer match-induced hamstrings residual fatigue and recovery through rate of torque development (RTD) and associated biochemical parameters.

Methods: The recovery kinetics of hamstrings RTD metrics by the 90°:20° test, together with serum biomarkers (creatine kinase, mitochondrial creatine kinase, transaminases, malondialdehyde, irisin), were assessed in 19 male, regional first-division soccer players (age = 20.

Nitrosyl-heme and Heme Iron Intake from Processed Meats and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the EPIC-Spain Cohort.

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified processed meats (PM) as "carcinogenic" and red meat as "probably carcinogenic" for humans. The possible relationship between colorectal cancer risk and the mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of PMs have not been established yet. Nitrosyl-heme and heme iron have been proposed as potential-related compounds.

Nitrosyl-Heme and Heme Iron Intake from Processed Meats in Subjects from the EPIC-Spain Cohort.

Background: The consumption of processed meats (PMs) and red meats are linked to the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Various theories have been proposed to explain this connection, focusing on nitrosyl-heme and heme iron intake. We hypothesized that differences in nitrosyl-heme and heme iron intakes will be associated with various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

[Nutritional status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the school population of the city of Mataró (Catalonia, Spain)].

Background: there is a decrease in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and an increase in the prevalence of excess weight among the Spanish child and adolescent population. Objectives: the objective of the present study was to determine the degree of adherence to MD and the nutritional status of the school population of Mataró (Spain) in order to obtain useful information for the design and application of future interventions. Material and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 1177 schoolchildren between 6 and 18 years of age.

Assessment of inter-individual variability in hamstring muscle recovery after a sport-specific sprint training in women and men.

Hamstring muscles are most affected by multiple sprint-based sports as a result of muscle strain during sprinting, leading to reduced performance and increased risk of injury. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess inter-individual variability in hamstrings recovery after a sport-specific repeated-sprint training (RST), through sprint-specific markers of muscle recovery and associated muscle damage biomarkers in women and men. Healthy females ( = 14) and males ( = 15) underwent 10 repeated 40-m sprints with a 3-min rest pause between each repetition.

Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults.

Image-based dietary records have been validated as tools to evaluate dietary intake. However, to determine meal timing, previous studies have relied primarily on image-based smartphone applications without validation. Noteworthy, the validation process is necessary to determine how accurately a test method measures meal timing compared with a reference method over the same time period.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating Irisin Levels Following Endurance Training: Results of Continuous and Interval Training.

Background: Irisin has been suggested as a helpful hormone for adverse metabolic conditions. However, the interaction between acute endurance exercises and irisin is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the acute effect of endurance training, either continuous or interval training, on circulating irisin in healthy adults.

Sport Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, Sources of Information, and Dietary Habits of Sport-Team Athletes.

Nutrition knowledge (NK) is one of several factors needed to establish proper eating habits and is especially important for athletes. The aims of this study were the following: to assess the NK of athletes from the Fútbol Club Barcelona; and to study its possible association with self-perceived level of NK, attitude towards nutrition, sources of information, and some dietary habits. We performed a cross-sectional study in two parts.

Development and Validation of a Short Questionnaire on Dietary and Physical Activity Habits for Patients Submitted to Bariatric Endoscopic Therapies.

Purpose: Individuals with obesity frequently regain weigh after endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT) unless they adhere to healthy habits. The objective was to create and validate a short, self-administered questionnaire (EMOVE) to assess healthy dietary and physical activity (PA) habits' adherence to be used in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, unicentric study, 463 patients completed the short, Spanish EMOVE questionnaire, to be validated following the Medical Outcome Trust Criteria.

A higher dietary restraint is associated with higher BMI: a cross-sectional study in college students.

Background: College students tend to have eating and lifestyle habits that can lead to weight gain. Paradoxically, weight gain could also lead to calorie restriction, a practice that is common among those who are concerned about their body weight. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between habits related to overweight and obesity and dietary intake, physical activity, and BMI among college students.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Food Science Students and Professionals from Spain.

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, forcing countries around the world to confine their population to halt the rapid spread of the virus. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in dietary habits and lifestyle during the COVID-19 lockdown a specific population with academic and professional knowledge in food sciences from Spain. An online questionnaire, based on 41 items, including sociodemographic data, dietary habits, food-related behaviors, and lifestyle were distributed using academic and institutional mailing lists and social media.

[Impact on the risk of malnutrition and depression of a clinical trial with nutritional educational intervention in non-institutionalized elderly subjects receiving a telecare service in Terrassa (Spain)].

Introduction: the elderly are a growing and vulnerable population. Depression and malnutrition are frequent, and there seems to be associated. Objectives: to assess the impact of a nutritional educational intervention on the risk of malnutrition and depression in elderly subjects.

Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes.

Weak evidence exists on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and diet quality. Many researchers claim that this could be in part because of inadequate validation of the questionnaires used. The aim of this study was to develop a compact reliable questionnaire on nutrition knowledge for young and adult athletes (NUKYA).

Validity and Reliability of the Facility List Coder, a New Tool to Evaluate Community Food Environments.

A community food environment plays an essential role in explaining the healthy lifestyle patterns of its community members. However, there is a lack of compelling quantitative approaches to evaluate these environments. This study introduces and validates a new tool named the facility list coder (FLC), whose purpose is to assess food environments based on data sources and classification algorithms.

Effect of the Degree of Polymerization of Fructans on Ex Vivo Fermented Human Gut Microbiome.

Prebiotic supplements are used to promote gastrointestinal health by stimulating beneficial bacteria. The aim of this study was to compare the potential prebiotic effects of fructans with increasing degrees of polymerization, namely fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulins with a low and high polymerization degree (LPDI and HPDI, respectively), using an ex vivo fermentation system to simulate the colonic environment. The system was inoculated with pooled feces from three healthy donors with the same baseline enterotype.

Determinants of Adherence to Healthy Eating Patterns in a Population of Children and Adolescents: Evidence on the Mediterranean Diet in the City of Mataró (Catalonia, Spain).

Despite its benefits, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is being abandoned or not adopted by young generations in most Mediterranean countries. In Spain, up to 69% of the child and adolescent population has been found to have suboptimal adherence to the MD. The aim of this study was to analyze which factors are associated with an optimal adherence to the MD in school-age children and adolescents from Mataró, Spain.

The Efficacy of Probiotics, Prebiotic Inulin-Type Fructans, and Synbiotics in Human Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Studies of probiotics, fructan-type prebiotics, and synbiotics in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) show significant heterogeneity in methodology and results. Here, we study the efficacy of such interventions and the reasons for the heterogeneity of their results. Eligible random controlled trials were collected from the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases.

The Mediterranean Diet and ADHD in Children and Adolescents.

Objectives: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to nutrient deficiencies and "unhealthy" diets, to date there are no studies that examined the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and ADHD. We hypothesized that a low adherence to a Mediterranean diet would be positively associated with an increase in ADHD diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 120 children and adolescents (60 with newly diagnosed ADHD and 60 controls) were studied in a sex- and age-matched case-control study.

Systematic analysis of the polyphenol metabolome using the Phenol-Explorer database.

Scope: The Phenol-Explorer web database details 383 polyphenol metabolites identified in human and animal biofluids from 221 publications. Here, we exploit these data to characterize and visualize the polyphenol metabolome, the set of all metabolites derived from phenolic food components.

Methods And Results: Qualitative and quantitative data on 383 polyphenol metabolites as described in 424 human and animal intervention studies were systematically analyzed.

Effects of dietary enrichment with conventional foods on energy and protein intake in older adults: a systematic review.

Context: Decreased food intake is a common problem among older adults; it is a known cause of weight loss and may lead to malnutrition.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects of dietary enrichment with conventional foods on energy and protein intake in older adults.

Data Sources: Studies were identified through systematic searches of the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, via PubMed; CINAHL, via EBSCO; Web of Science; Scopus; and Google Scholar.

Effects of free leucine supplementation and resistance training on muscle strength and functional status in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of free leucine supplementation combined with resistance training versus resistance training only on muscle strength and functional status in older adults.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study with two intervention groups. Thirty older adults were randomly assigned to receive either 10 g leucine/day (leucine group [LG], n=15) or a placebo (control group [CG], n=15), plus resistance training over a 12-week period.

The identification, impact and management of missing values and outlier data in nutritional epidemiology.

When performing nutritional epidemiology studies, missing values and outliers inevitably appear. Missing values appear, for example, because of the difficulty in collecting data in dietary surveys, leading to a lack of data on the amounts of foods consumed or a poor description of these foods. Inadequate treatment during the data processing stage can create biases and loss of accuracy and, consequently, misinterpretation of the results.

Heavy metal and metalloids intake risk assessment in the diet of a rural population living near a gold mine in the Peruvian Andes (Cajamarca).

This study evaluates the diet composition of a rural population near a gold mine in the Cajamarca district of Peru. The main consumed items by this population were tubers and cereals, and the mean energy intake (1990 kcal) was shown not to cover the recommended intake values for the male population. The concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Al, Cr and, Cu in drinking water and food samples of items contributing to 91% of this diet (145 samples, 24 different items) were determined and used to calculate their daily intakes for risk assessment.

Usefulness of dietary enrichment on energy and protein intake in elderly patients at risk of malnutrition discharged to home.

Introduction: Malnutrition is a cause for concern among many admitted elderly patients, being common at hospital admission and discharge.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess if diet enrichment with small servings of energy and protein dense foods, improves energy and nutrient intake in elderly patients at risk of malnutrition discharged to home.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series study in elderly patients at risk of malnutrition treated with diet enrichment.