Effects of a low, medium, and high-intensity aquatic physiotherapy protocol on functional and biochemical parameters in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis affects the performance of daily activities, independence, and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of this condition considers the mechanisms of activation of metalloproteinase and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) may be responsible for cartilage destruction.

Comparison of spatiotemporal and angular parameters during shallow water walking in different immersion depths by older adults with and without Parkinson's disease.

Background: People with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD) have motor symptoms that directly interfere on dry land walking performance. Despite the shallow water walking is a viable and beneficial physical intervention for PwPD, it lacks information on the comparison of the biomechanical responses of the shallow water walking by PwPD and age paired healthy individuals.

Research Question: Are there differences in the spatiotemporal and angular responses of shallow water walking by older adults with and without Parkinson's disease?

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ten older adults (9 men/1 women) with Parkinson disease (PwPD group) and ten older adults (3 men/7 women) without Parkinson's disease (Older group) walked in shallow water at self-selected comfortable speed on pool floor in the immersion depths of waist and xiphoid levels.