[Comparative evaluation of trabecular bone density in Hounsfield units in the lumbar native CT cross-section for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk determination by different examiners].

Background: An increasing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in the axial skeleton leads to osteoporosis and fractures, with an increase found in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions.

Research Question: The extent to which an examiner-independent assessment of the extent of osteoporosis and fracture risk determination is possible by determining the trabecular density in Hounsfield units (HU) in the spine should be examined. The next question was whether quantitative BMD values can be calculated from the HU values.

Biomechanical Analysis of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Osteoporosis: Vertebral Fracture Risk Evaluation Using Finite Element Modeling with Clinical and Micro-CT Data in an Elderly Donor.

Biomechanical analysis of spinal structures is crucial in the evaluation of injuries, the risk of fracture, and age-related changes. Osteoporotic vertebrae are very fragile and therefore constitute a serious risk, especially in the elderly. At present, clinically relevant decision making in fracture risk assessment is predicated upon finite element analysis (FEA), which utilizes high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans from clinical practice alongside micro-CT scans from laboratory settings.

Switchable, chiral aluminium catalysts for ring opening polymerisations.

A switchable, solvent-free catalytic system was developed in which Al methyl aminebis(phenolate) catalysts selectively initiate the formation of a polyether from cyclohexene oxide under CO atmosphere or the ring opening copolymerisation (ROCoP) of cyclohexene oxide and CO through the addition of a PPNCl (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride) cocatalyst to form poly(cyclohexene carbonate).

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human kidney tissue and urine extracellular vesicles with age, sex, and COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells by engaging with ACE2 requiring protease TMPRSS2. ACE2 is highly expressed in kidneys. Predictors for severe disease are high age and male sex.

[Not Available].

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication in patients with diabetes, and screening for sight-threatening end-stages is indicated to avoid severe visual loss. Screening of DR is nationally implemented in Denmark according to evidence-based national guidelines, which includes the use of individualised screening intervals. Treatment is indicated for proliferative DR and diabetic macular oedema, and treatment modalities include retinal laser therapy, intravitreal angiostatic therapy, and vitrectomy.

No Short-Term Effect of Low-Dose Nicotine on Inflammation after Global Hypoxia in Newborn Piglets.

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia initiates cytokine release and complement activation with risk of brain damage. We assessed the effect of nicotine on innate immunity and hypothesized that nicotine infusion in a newborn piglet model of asphyxia would decrease the immune response and be neuroprotective.

Methods: Newborn piglets (n = 41) were randomized to one of three groups after hypoxia: two groups receiving nicotine, (1) 18 µg/kg/h (n = 17), (2) 46 µg/kg/h (n = 15), and (3) control group receiving saline (n = 9).

Distal femoral fractures: periprosthetic fractures have four times more complications than non-periprosthetic fractures and cerclage should be avoided: retrospective analysis of 206 patients.

Background: Distal femoral fractures account for less than 1% of all fractures. The therapy of choice is usually surgical stabilization. Despite advances in implant development over the past few years, complication rate remains comparatively high.

Association of continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy and diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: A national cohort study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the short-and long-term effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin injections (CSII) compared to those using multiple daily injections (MDI).

Methods: We conducted a register-based matched cohort study utilizing data from the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy as well as several other national Danish health registers. Our cohort consisted of all individuals with type 1 diabetes who attended the Danish screening program for DR from 2013 to 2022.

Presence and development of diabetic retinopathy in 16 999 patients with type 1 diabetes in the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the five-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and associated risk markers in patients with type 1 diabetes in the national Danish DR-screening programme.

Methods: Based on national data, we included all 16 999 patients with type 1 diabetes in the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy, who attended the national screening programme in the period 2013-2018. According to the worse eye at first screening, DR was classified (levels 0-4) and linked with various national health registries to retrieve information on diabetes duration, systemic comorbidity, and medication.

Carpal tunnel syndrome, spinal canal stenosis, cardiomyopathy, renal insufficiency, enteropathy, and diffuse myopathy as an expression of systemic ATTR amyloidosis - diagnostics and therapy.

Systemic amyloidosis is an incurable multisystem disease, caused by fibrillar protein deposits with resulting dysfunction of affected organ systems. It mostly affects patients > 60 years. Diagnosis is often delayed because the symptoms are nonspecific and highly variable.

Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy According to Subtype of Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided on the basis of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. We investigated the presence, incidence, and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) according to subtypes of type 2 diabetes. In a national cohort, we identified three subtypes of type 2 diabetes: classical, hyperinsulinemic, and insulinopenic type 2 diabetes, based on HOMA2 measurements.

Adverse childhood experiences, sexual risk-taking and non-consensual sexual experiences in a nationally representative study of 15-29-year-old Danes.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with risky health-related behaviors and poor health.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate associations of ACEs with a broad panel of sexual risk-taking behaviors and non-consensual sexual experiences among young people in Denmark.

Participants And Setting: Baseline questionnaire data from 15 to 29-year-old participants in the nationally representative cohort study Project SEXUS were used in combination with data from Danish national registers to include a total of 13,132 individuals.

Intracellular proteomics and extracellular vesiculomics as a metric of disease recapitulation in 3D-bioprinted aortic valve arrays.

In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), mechanosensitive valvular cells respond to fibrosis- and calcification-induced tissue stiffening, further driving pathophysiology. No pharmacotherapeutics are available to treat CAVD because of the paucity of (i) appropriate experimental models that recapitulate this complex environment and (ii) benchmarking novel engineered aortic valve (AV)-model performance. We established a biomaterial-based CAVD model mimicking the biomechanics of the human AV disease-prone fibrosa layer, three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted into 96-well arrays.

Infectious Complications in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Report from the Düsseldorf MDS Registry.

Despite notable advancements in infection prevention and treatment, individuals with hematologic malignancies still face the persistent threat of frequent and life-threatening complications. Those undergoing chemotherapy or other disease-modifying therapies are particularly vulnerable to developing infectious complications, increasing the risk of mortality. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) predominantly affect the elderly, with the incidence rising with age and peaking at around 70 years.

Diabetic retinopathy as an independent marker of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes: Results from a nationwide longitudinal matched case-cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a potential marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with type 1 diabetes attending the Danish DR-screening programme and non-diabetes adults.

Methods: In this registry-based matched case-cohort study, we identified 16 547 adults with type 1 diabetes, who were registered in the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy (DiaBase). Each case was age- and sex-matched by five non-diabetes individuals (n = 82 399), and odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for incident and upcoming CVD in multivariable models.

Transoral balloon kyphoplasty in a myeloma patient with painful osseous destruction of the corpus vertebrae axis.

Multiple myeloma is the most common primary malignant disease of the spine, which can lead to pathological fractures with consecutive instability and immobilizing pain, due to osseous destruction of individual vertebral bodies. The different surgical care is challenging, although good stabilization should be achieved if possible. The resulting blocking of micro-movements leads to pain minimization.

Individualised screening for diabetic retinopathy with proliferative retinopathy and macular oedema as separate end points.

Purpose: A number of algorithms have been developed to calculate screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy on the basis of individual risk factors. However, these approaches have not considered proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) as separate end points and death as competing risk.

Methods: A multi-state survival model with death as competing risk was used to predict the screening interval for diabetic retinopathy based on information about all 2446 patients from a well-defined population who had started treatment for either PDR or DME during 25 years.

The Effects of Health Insurance Coverage on Workforce Engagement of Family Caregivers of Children With Intellectual Disability and Autism.

For many families of children with intellectual disability and autism (ID/ASD), private health insurance and public programs, such as Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), are critical sources of support. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of health insurance coverage on workforce engagement of parents of children with ID/ASD. The study utilized 2014-2018 pooled National Health Interview Survey data to construct national estimates and test the effects of health insurance status on parent workforce outcomes.

Successful treatment of a painful os peroneum using conservative measures, infiltration therapy, and shock waves.

Lateroplantar foot pain may be caused by various entities, whereby painful os peroneum syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis. Physical examination and multimodal imaging enable a definitive diagnosis. We report on a 59-year-old man with severe, load-dependent pain, corresponding to an os peroneum syndrome, triggered by a pes planovalgus with consecutively induced focal inflammation and tendovaginitis of the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle.

Interobserver variability in the determination of bone mineral density in Hounsfield units from differently configured fields of measurement in the cancellous bone of vertebral bodies from elderly body donors.

Background: Due to the absence of suitable diagnostic procedures, osteoporosis (OP) is frequently detected late or not at all. Many elderly persons undergo computed tomographies (CT). The routine determination of Hounsfield units (HU) in bone as a part of these examinations could close a gap here.

Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Anti-PU.1 siRNA via Localized Intracisternal Administration Reduces Neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia, the brain's immune cells, express many of the AD-risk loci identified in genome wide association studies and present a promising target for anti-inflammatory RNA therapeutics but are difficult to transfect with current methods. Here, several lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations are examined, and a lead candidate that supports efficient RNA delivery in cultures of human stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (iMGLs) and animal models of neuroinflammation is identified.

Effect of controlled hypotensive hemorrhage on plasma sodium levels in anesthetized pigs: An exploratory study.

Perioperative hyponatremia, due to non-osmotic release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin, is a serious electrolyte disorder observed in connection with many types of surgery. Since blood loss during surgery contributes to the pathogenesis of hyponatremia, we explored the effect of bleeding on plasma sodium using a controlled hypotensive hemorrhage pig model. After 30-min baseline period, hemorrhage was induced by aspiration of blood during 30 min at mean arterial pressure <50 mmHg.