Hallux anatomy: much ado about shoes-an attempt to prove that constrictive V-shaped toe-box shoes deform the hallux.

Purpose: A question still remains as to whether constrictive toe-box shoes (TBS) cause disability only due to pain on pressure points or if they can cause permanent changes in the hallux anatomy. The aim of this study is to compare the hallux morphology in 3 groups classified according to their use of constrictive or open TBS.

Methods: 424 patients were classified into 3 groups: group A used open TBS daily; group B used constrictive TBS daily; group C used both open and constrictive TBS.

Proximal tibiofibular joint changes after closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy. Are they relevant?

Background: There is some controversy about how the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) capsulotomy changes PTFJ anatomy in closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW-HTO) and about how this affects ankle and knee mobility and the onset of lateral knee pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in PTFJ after CW-HTO, and its possible clinical significance.

Methods: This study includes 50 patients who underwent CW-HTO with tibiofibular capsulotomy from 2000 to 2018 in our hospital.

Feasibility of open and percutaneous corrective osteotomies of the second phalanx of the great toe: An approach on a cadaveric model.

Background: Having had a previous experience of 4 open F2 osteotomies to correct interphalangeal hallux valgus, the aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a percutaneous approach for this correction.

Methods: 3 open and 12 percutaneous F2 osteotomies in 15 cadaver feet were performed. Interphalangeal (IPH), F2 asymmetry (AF2) and joint deviation (JD) angles were measured on radiographs.

Evaluation of driving skills after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft.

Background: There are no well-established guidelines for safe driving after injury or surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the aptitude to regain driving skills and brake reaction abilities after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

Methods: This study compared the driving abilities and skills at four to six weeks after surgery of 31 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft with 31 healthy volunteers.

Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Define a Molecular Mechanism for Fracture Nonunion.

Fracture nonunion is a major complication of bone fracture regeneration and repair. The molecular mechanisms that result in fracture nonunion appearance are not fully determined. We hypothesized that fracture nonunion results from the failure of hypoxia and hematoma, the primary signals in response to bone injury, to trigger Bmp2 expression by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs).

Reconstruction of the extensor mechanism with fresh-frozen tendon allograft in total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Patellar tendon rupture after total knee replacement is a rare and highly limiting injury with multifactorial aetiology. Many reconstruction techniques have been described with not very predictable results. The use of allografts has been accepted as a suitable solution.

Symptomatic medial exostosis of the great toe distal phalanx: a complication due to over-correction following akin osteotomy for hallux valgus repair.

Unlabelled: The authors present the case of a 54-year-old female who developed a painful compression lesion localized to the medial aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe as a complication of hallux valgus surgery. Preoperative radiographic evaluation of the patient's foot revealed the first ray to be longer than the second, a 12 degrees first intermetatarsal angle, a 33 degrees hallux abductus angle, and an exostosis at the medial aspect of the base of the hallux that was not considered by the surgeon to be important. Correction of the hallux valgus deformity was performed with a combination of scarf and Akin osteotomies, and the intermetatarsal and hallux abductus angles reduced to 2 degrees and 8 degrees , respectively.