The potential of miRNA-based approaches in glioblastoma: An update in current advances and future perspectives.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor. The emerging field of epigenetics stands out as particularly promising. Notably, the discovery of micro RNAs (miRNAs) has paved the way for advancements in diagnosing, treating, and prognosticating patients with brain tumors.

Neoantigen-specific cytotoxic Tr1 CD4 T cells suppress cancer immunotherapy.

CD4 T cells can either enhance or inhibit tumour immunity. Although regulatory T cells have long been known to impede antitumour responses, other CD4 T cells have recently been implicated in inhibiting this response. Yet, the nature and function of the latter remain unclear.

TLR agonists polarize interferon responses in conjunction with dendritic cell vaccination in malignant glioma: a randomized phase II Trial.

In this randomized phase II clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of adding the TLR agonists, poly-ICLC or resiquimod, to autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (ATL-DC) vaccination in patients with newly-diagnosed or recurrent WHO Grade III-IV malignant gliomas. The primary endpoints were to assess the most effective combination of vaccine and adjuvant in order to enhance the immune potency, along with safety. The combination of ATL-DC vaccination and TLR agonist was safe and found to enhance systemic immune responses, as indicated by increased interferon gene expression and changes in immune cell activation.

Genotype-driven asthma prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonist: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Introduction: Predicting response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) + long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) by previously detecting the presence of Arg16Gly ADRB2 genotype is a strategy that could reduce and optimize the management of asthmatic patients. There is a need for economic evaluations to facilitate the implementation of such tests. This research aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Arg16Gly ADRB2 screening in children with asthma in Colombia.

Non-clinical toxicity and immunogenicity evaluation of a Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine using Poly-ICLC (Hiltonol®) as adjuvant.

Malaria caused byPlasmodium vivaxis a pressing public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas.However, little progress has been made toward developing a P. vivaxvaccine, with only three candidates being tested in clinical studies.

Thermal Profiles in Water Injection Wells: Reduction in the Systematic Error of Flow Measurements during the Transient Regime.

This article presents an analytical solution for calculating the flow rate in water injection wells based on the established thermal profile along the tubing. The intent is to minimize the intrinsic systematic error of classic quasi-static methodologies, which assume that all thermal transience on well completion has passed. When these techniques are applied during the initial hours of injection well operation, it can result in errors higher than 20%.

Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Conjunction with a TLR Agonist Polarizes Interferon Immune Responses in Malignant Glioma Patients.

Unlabelled: Autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (ATL-DC) vaccination is a promising immunotherapy for patients with high grade gliomas, but responses have not been demonstrated in all patients. To determine the most effective combination of autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DC vaccination, with or without the adjuvant toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists poly-ICLC or resiquimod, we conducted a Phase 2 clinical trial in 23 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent WHO Grade III-IV malignant gliomas. We then performed deep, high-dimensional immune profiling of these patients to better understand how TLR agonists may influence the systemic immune responses induced by ATL-DC vaccination.

A combinatory vaccine with IMA950 plus varlilumab promotes effector memory T-cell differentiation in the peripheral blood of patients with low-grade gliomas.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) WHO grade 2 low-grade glioma (LGG) patients are at high risk for recurrence and with unfavorable long-term prognosis due to the treatment resistance and malignant transformation to high-grade glioma. Considering the relatively intact systemic immunity and slow-growing nature, immunotherapy may offer an effective treatment option for LGG patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized pilot study to evaluate the safety and immunological response of the multipeptide IMA950 vaccine with agonistic anti-CD27 antibody, varlilumab, in CNS WHO grade 2 LGG patients.

The state of art of awake craniotomy in Latin American countries: a scoping review.

Background And Objective: Awake craniotomy (AC) is a valuable technique for surgical interventions in eloquent areas, but its adoption in low- and middle-income countries faces challenges like limited infrastructure, trained personnel shortage, and inadequate funding. This scoping review explores AC techniques in Latin American countries, focusing on patient characteristics, tumor location, symptomatology, and outcomes.

Methods: A scoping review followed PRISMA guidelines, searching five databases in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.

ASP-2/Trans-sialidase chimeric protein induces robust protective immunity in experimental models of Chagas' disease.

Immunization with the Amastigote Surface Protein-2 (ASP-2) and Trans-sialidase (TS) antigens either in the form of recombinant protein, encoded in plasmids or human adenovirus 5 (hAd5) confers robust protection against various lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Herein we generated a chimeric protein containing the most immunogenic regions for T and B cells from TS and ASP-2 (TRASP) and evaluated its immunogenicity in comparison with our standard protocol of heterologous prime-boost using plasmids and hAd5. Mice immunized with TRASP protein associated to Poly-ICLC (Hiltonol) were highly resistant to challenge with T.

Pulmonary and central nervous system nocardiosis: Alcoholism as an immunocompromising factor.

Nocardiosis is a disease with worldwide distribution. It is usually found in tropical areas and mainly affects immunocompromised patients, however, there are also cases where its infection has been reported in immunocompetent patients. This pathology is caused by bacteria known as Nocardia spp.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of MUC1 Peptide Vaccine for Prevention of Recurrent Colorectal Adenoma.

Purpose: To assess whether MUC1 peptide vaccine produces an immune response and prevents subsequent colon adenoma formation.

Patients And Methods: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in individuals age 40 to 70 with diagnosis of an advanced adenoma ≤1 year from randomization. Vaccine was administered at 0, 2, and 10 weeks with a booster injection at week 53.

Velocity Prediction of a Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) with Machine Learning.

A device known as a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) runs through oil and gas pipelines which performs various maintenance operations in the oil and gas industry. The PIG velocity, which plays a role in the efficiency of these operations, is usually determined indirectly from odometers installed in it. Although this is a relatively simple technique, the loss of contact between the odometer wheel and the pipeline results in measurement errors.

Promotion of neutralizing antibody-independent immunity to wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern using an RBD-Nucleocapsid fusion protein.

Both T cells and B cells have been shown to be generated after infection with SARS-CoV-2 yet protocols or experimental models to study one or the other are less common. Here, we generate a chimeric protein (SpiN) that comprises the receptor binding domain (RBD) from Spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) antigens from SARS-CoV-2. Memory CD4 and CD8 T cells specific for SpiN could be detected in the blood of both individuals vaccinated with Coronavac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and COVID-19 convalescent donors.

Effect of implementing an enhanced recovery protocol for pediatric colorectal surgery on complication rate, length of stay, and opioid use in children.

Introduction In the past two decades, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways for adults have improved efficiency of care and decreased length of stay (LOS) without increasing postoperative complications. The effects of enhanced recovery pathways for children are less well known. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the effects of an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) implementation in children undergoing colorectal surgery.

Randomized trial of neoadjuvant vaccination with tumor-cell lysate induces T cell response in low-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUNDLong-term prognosis of WHO grade II low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is poor, with a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation into high-grade gliomas. Given the relatively intact immune system of patients with LGGs and the slow tumor growth rate, vaccines are an attractive treatment strategy.METHODSWe conducted a pilot study to evaluate the safety and immunological effects of vaccination with GBM6-AD, lysate of an allogeneic glioblastoma stem cell line, with poly-ICLC in patients with LGGs.

Vaccine nanodiscs plus polyICLC elicit robust CD8+ T cell responses in mice and non-human primates.

Conventional cancer vaccines based on soluble vaccines and traditional adjuvants have produced suboptimal therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Thus, there is an urgent need for vaccine technologies that can generate potent T cell responses with strong anti-tumor efficacy. We have previously reported the development of synthetic high-density protein (sHDL) nanodiscs for efficient lymph node (LN)-targeted co-delivery of antigen peptides and CpG oligonucleotides (a Toll-like receptor-9 agonist).

IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD8 T (Tc17-1) cells in combination with poly-ICLC and peptide vaccine exhibit antiglioma activity.

Background: While adoptive transfer of T-cells has been a major medical breakthrough for patients with B cell malignancies, the development of safe and effective T-cell-based immunotherapy for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM), still needs to overcome multiple challenges, including effective homing and persistence of T-cells. Based on previous observations that interleukin (IL)-17-producing T-cells can traffic to the CNS in autoimmune conditions, we evaluated CD8 T-cells that produce IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Tc17-1) cells in a preclinical GBM model.

Methods: We differentiated Pmel-1 CD8 T-cells into Tc17-1 cells and compared their phenotypic and functional characteristics with those of IFN-γ-producing CD8 T (Tc1) and IL-17-producing CD8 T (Tc17) cells.