PTH-Related Protein Assays in Advanced Kidney Disease: Implications for Evaluation of Hypercalcemia.

Hypercalcemia is a common and potentially serious electrolyte abnormality that is often observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). When malignancy is considered, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels are often measured. PTHrP is produced by cancer cells and mimics the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to elevate serum calcium concentrations.

Post-mortem assessment of vimentin expression as a biomarker for renal tubular regeneration following acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. It mainly targets the renal tubular epithelium with pathological changes, referred to as acute tubular injury. The latter is followed by a regenerative response that is difficult to visualize on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains.

Fatal Pulmonary Embolism in the Setting of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Attributed to Ovarian Tuberculosis.

In developed countries, tuberculosis remains a health care challenge due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immigration from endemic regions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 9557 new cases in 2015, with extrapulmonary involvement in 20.2% of the cases.