Neural signatures of opioid-induced risk-taking behavior in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex.

Opioid use disorder occurs alongside impaired risk-related decision-making, but the underlying neural correlates are unclear. We developed a novel approach-avoidance conflict model using a modified conditioned place preference paradigm to study neural signals of risky opioid seeking in the prefrontal cortex, a region implicated in executive decision making. Upon establishment of morphine conditioned place preference, rats underwent a subsequent conflict test in which fear-inducing cat odor was introduced in the previously drug-paired side of the apparatus.

Potential Therapeutic Targets in People with Emotional Dependency.

Objective: To examine the relationship between the components of emotional dependency (ED) with anxious, depressive, and impulsive symptomatology.

Method: 98 university students (68% women, age M = 20.2 years, ED = 2.