Burden of lipoprotein(a) for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A retrospective analysis from the United States.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an inherited, independent, and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To assess the burden of elevated Lp(a) for patients with ASCVD in a real-world setting in the United States. This retrospective cohort study assessed US patients with available Lp(a) measurement and established ASCVD using Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart database (2007-2020).

Transdermal estradiol reduces F2alpha-isoprostane levels in postmenopausal women.

Objective: F2alpha-isoprostanes are considered the most reliable index of in vivo oxidative stress. Given the implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated the effects of hormone therapy on the plasma levels of F2alpha-isoprostanes.

Design: Sixty-one healthy postmenopausal women were treated in a randomized trial with estradiol either orally (2 mg/day, 28 women) or transdermally (50 mug/day, 33 women) for 4 weeks.