A location discrete choice model of crime: Police elasticity and optimal deployment.

Despite the common belief that police presence reduces crime, there is mixed evidence of such causal effects in major Latin America cities. In this work we identify the casual relationship between police presence and criminal events by using a large dataset of a randomized controlled police intervention in Bogotá D.C.

Impact of presentation timing in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: Characterization of patients and identification of prognostic factors.

Background: The treatment and surveillance of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has evolved since the introduction of several treatment intensification options associated with hormonal blockade and classifications based on the timing of metastatic disease presentation and disease volume. Using a hospital-based registry, we aimed to assess whether these new classifications are applicable to our population, as few studies have demonstrated their prognostic value for overall survival (OS) and time to development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and to establish prognostic factors in our population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of mHSPC patients who were attended at an oncology referral hospital in Bogota between 2017 and 2021 were included in this study.

Non-erosive reflux disease manifested exclusively by protracted hiccups.

Hiccups are a benign physiological feature affecting almost everyone at one time or another. They tend to be short-lived and do not affect quality of life; however, there are various pathologies that may present with long-lasting hiccups. These are grouped into 3 categories according to their duration: acute, persistent and intractable or protracted hiccups.

Technical problems produced by the Bravo pH test in nonerosive reflux disease patients.

Aim: To evaluate the technical failures of the Bravo pH test in a population with nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Methods: Over the course of a year, we prospectively studied a population of 66 nonerosive reflux disease patients who received a Bravo pH test. The number and frequency of all technical failures were documented, quantified and analyzed.

Cold and hot snare endoscopic techniques for removal of the Bravo pH monitoring capsule.

Background: Currently, use of the Bravo capsule is a very common method for evaluating the gastroesophageal reflux because it has the advantage of being an intraesophageal catheter-free system. However, endoscopic removal of the capsule is necessary when technical problems or severe discomfort are present. Most frequently, endoscopists solve this problem by nudging the device with the tip of the endoscope to dislodge it; others have used a cold snare to produce traction on the capsule, and then tear the probe off.

Use of a stiff guidewire in transjugular liver biopsy in patients with a pronounced angle of the suprahepatic veins.

In the performance of a transvascular liver biopsy, the Trucut-type transjugular liver biopsy set is advance over a multipurpose catheter place in the suprahepatic vein. Occasionally there is a sharp bend between the suprahepatic veins and the inferior vein cava and the multipurpose catheter does not provide sufficient support to track the biopsy access set. To deal with this problem we describe the use of a stiff guidewire for an easy introduction of the biopsy set.