A deep learning model for prognosis prediction after intracranial hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a common life-threatening condition that must be rapidly diagnosed and treated. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding treatment, driven to some extent by prognostic uncertainty. While several prediction models for ICH detection have already been published, here we present a deep learning predictive model for ICH prognosis.

De novo headache in ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombectomy: a prospective study.

Background And Aim: Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures is described in the ICHD-3. Our aim was to study the frequency and characteristics of headache specifically related to thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: Prospective evaluation of clinical features of headache after thrombectomy using an ad hoc questionnaire.

A prospective, international, randomized, noninferiority study comparing an implantable titanium vertebral augmentation device versus balloon kyphoplasty in the reduction of vertebral compression fractures (SAKOS study).

Background Context: Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) is a commonly performed vertebral augmentation procedure for painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Objective: This study aimed to support a non-inferiority finding for the use of a titanium implantable vertebral augmentation device (TIVAD) compared to BKP.

Study Design: Prospective, parallel group, controlled comparative randomized study.

Clinical Predictors of Hyperperfusion Syndrome Following Carotid Stenting: Results From a National Prospective Multicenter Study.

Objectives: The aim of the HISPANIAS (HyperperfusIon Syndrome Post-carotid ANgIoplasty And Stenting) study was to define CHS rates and develop a clinical predictive model for cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) after carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Background: CHS is a severe complication following CAS. The presence of clinical manifestations is estimated on the basis of retrospective reviews and is still uncertain.

One year longitudinal study of the straight gyrus morphometry in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum patients.

The aim of this study was to use a region-of-interest approach with magnetic resonance imaging to examine the volume of the straight gyrus volume change in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum patients compared with healthy subjects over a 1-year follow-up period. We did not find a differential pattern of volumetric change between the two groups.

Vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: clinical and neuropsychological features of lacunar state and Binswanger's disease.

Background: ischaemic cerebrovascular small vessel disease (SVD) is a prevalent and under-diagnosed condition that triggers vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).

Objective: to describe the neuropsychological and clinical profiles in SVD (Binswanger's disease, BD; lacunar state, LS) from the clinician's perspective at the VCI stage.

Methods: a total of 1257 patients admitted to a tertiary center with a diagnosis of stroke, neuroradiological vascular disease, cognitive impairment/dementia, during a 13-year period were investigated.

Additive effect of NRG1 and DISC1 genes on lateral ventricle enlargement in first episode schizophrenia.

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and Disrupted-in-schizophrenia (DISC1) genes, which are candidate genes for schizophrenia, are implicated in brain development. We have previously reported an association between the T allele of the rs6994992 SNP within NRG1 gene and lateral ventricle (LV) enlargement in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Moreover, transgenic mice with mutant DISC1 have also been reported as showing LV enlargement.

Visualization, quantification and correlation of brain atrophy with clinical symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 3 and 6.

Background And Objective: Biomarkers to monitor neurological dysfunction in autosomal dominant inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are lacking. We therefore aimed to visualize, quantify and correlate localized brain atrophy with clinical symptoms in SCA1, SCA3, and SCA6.

Methods: We compared patients suffering from SCA1 (n=48), SCA3 (n=24), and SCA6 (n=10) with 32 controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on four different scanners in eight centers followed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and quantitative three-dimensional (3D) volumetry.

A neuregulin 1 variant is associated with increased lateral ventricle volume in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Background: Structural brain abnormalities are already present at early phases of psychosis and might be the consequence of neurodevelopmental deviance. Neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1) is a candidate gene for schizophrenia, and its protein has different roles in nervous system development and plasticity. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within NRG1, SNP8NRG243177, has been associated with brain function among healthy and high-risk subjects and with reduced cell migration among patients with schizophrenia.

CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in vertebral osteomyelitis: true usefulness of a common practice.

Computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy of the spine is considered a safe, accurate, and relatively inexpensive examination technique. Our purpose was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided biopsies exclusively for vertebral osteomyelitis. A retrospective study was performed from a consecutive series of 72 patients with confirmed vertebral osteomyelitis with 46 CT-guided biopsies performed in 40 patients.

CT protocol for acute stroke: tips and tricks for general radiologists.

Acute stroke services have been installed in most hospitals in the industrialized world, and dealing with hyperacute stroke has become one of the most frequently performed tasks of the on-call radiologist. Imaging plays a key role in current guidelines for thrombolysis, and knowledge of classic early ischemic signs or depiction of hemorrhage at nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) is necessary (although not sufficient) for a satisfactory imaging study. A modern CT examination must also include perfusion CT and CT angiography.

Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study.

Headaches provoked by cough, prolonged physical exercise and sexual activity have not been studied prospectively, clinically and neuroradiologically. Our aim was to delimitate characteristics, etiology, response to treatment and neuroradiological diagnostic protocol of those patients who consult to a general Neurological Department because of provoked headache. Those patients who consulted due to provoked headaches between 1996 and 2006 were interviewed in depth and followed-up for at least 1 year.

[Stereology as a tool to estimate brain volume and cortical atrophy in elders with dementia].

Introduction: stereology is a body of methods that allow unbiased and efficient estimation of geometric quantities defined in arbitrary physical structures. In particular, stereology is a valuable tool to assist neuroimaging in the estimation of morphometric parameters in the brain. Therefore, stereology may confer objectivity in the complementary and diagnostic evaluation of dementia by adding disease by adding quantitative data to clinical evaluation.

Unusual MRI findings in a patient with history of frontal fracture and skin infestation by fly larvae, as a possible sign of intracerebral myiasis.

We report a case of an 11-year-old columbian immigrant with mild non-specific cephalalgia. He had a previous history of frontal fracture and skin infestation caused by Dermatobia hominis larvae. MRI performed revealed multiple subependymal and intraventricular lesions with concentric blooming artifacts and moderate hydrocephalus.

Vascular cognitive impairment: prodromal stages of ischemic vascular dementia.

Background/aims: To describe the natural history of the prodromal stages of ischemic vascular dementia (pVaD).

Methods: A sample of 314 inpatients with pVaD or a clini- cal diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD; lacunar state, Binswanger's disease, pure cortical VaD, corticosubcortical and strategic infarctions) admitted to a teaching tertiary center during a 13-year period was assessed (retrospectively n = 88, prospectively n = 226). Prospective neuropsychological assessment consisted of Mini Mental State Examination, Revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Exit-25, Trail Making tests, Blessed Dementia Scale and Camdex H, Global Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale tests.

Life-threatening pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery after dental extraction: successful treatment with emergent endovascular embolization.

Vascular complications after third molar extraction are very rare but may cause a life-threatening situation. The case presented is that of a 25-year-old male who appeared at our emergency department with severe dyspnea and increasing swelling of the left submandibular area 3 days after dental extraction. CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery.

Low-activity allele of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMTL) is associated with increased lateral ventricles in patients with first episode non-affective psychosis.

Background: Structural brain anomalies are present at early phases of psychosis. The objective was to examine the impact of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene variations on brain morphology in first-episode non-affective psychosis. We hypothesized that the low activity-COMT (COMT(L)) allele would be associated with the presence of structural brain changes as assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Complex partial status epilepticus is an unrecognised feature in SESA syndrome: new insights into its pathophysiology.

We report a patient diagnosed as having subacute encephalopathy with frequent seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome), in which recurrent, non-convulsive seizures of frontal origin contributed significantly to the alteration of the mental state. Our case suggests that the occurrence of episodes of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) may contribute greatly to the origin and pathophysiology of the confusional state in this rare, epileptic entity.

Reduced thalamic volume in first-episode non-affective psychosis: correlations with clinical variables, symptomatology and cognitive functioning.

Structural studies have inconsistently shown the presence of thalamic volume differences in patients with schizophrenia. However, only a few studies have examined the relation between thalamic structure and clinical and cognitive variables in early phases of the illness. Thalamic volumes in right-handed minimally treated first episode patients with non-affective psychosis (N=61) relative to those of right-handed healthy comparison subjects (N=40) were measured.

Intralenticular intraocular foreign body after stone impact: CT and US findings.

Introduction: Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is a relatively common entity in emergency departments worldwide. Appropriate ocular assessment is mandatory if an intraocular foreign body is suspected because it is associated with an increased risk of endophtalmitis and a wide range of complications including hyphaema, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal tears and detachment.

Case Report: We present a case of intralenticular intraocular foreign body after stone impact.

Cerebral scedosporiosis: an emerging fungal infection in severe neutropenic patients: CT features and CT pathologic correlation.

Scedosporium prolificans is an emerging opportunistic fungal agent encountered in severely neutropenic patients. The purpose of this paper is to describe the main cranial CT findings from a retrospective review of six patients (four men and two women, 18-66 years old) afflicted with disseminated infection by S. prolificans with neurological symptoms.