Multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review assessing treatment options from the interventional radiologist's perspective.

Background And Objective: It is estimated that 35-40% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients present with multiple nodules at the time of diagnosis. Treating multifocal disease is difficult given patient population heterogeneity. Multiple interventional radiological (IR) options, including ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE), are available, each with its own merits and limitations.

Segmental liver ischemia/infarction after elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation: clinical outcomes in 10 patients.

Purpose: To determine the clinical significance and potential mechanisms of segmental liver ischemia and infarction following elective creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of 374 elective TIPS creations between March 2006 and September 2014 was performed, yielding 77 contrast-enhanced scans for review. Patients with imaging evidence of segmental perfusion defects were identified.

Role of interventional procedures in obstetrics/gynecology.

In uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), knowledge of the potential ovarian-uterine anastomoses is important because they provide collateral blood flow that may result in the failure of the UFE or ovarian nontarget embolization. Uterine artery embolization is an alternative treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with 80% to 90% bleeding control and in which fertility can be preserved. Diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome on routine sonographic or computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging is often missed.

Superior vena cava (SVC) filters placed over central lines - analysis of line trapping and difficulties with line retrieval: an in-vitro experimental study.

Background: Placement of superior vena cava (SVC) filters has been shown to be both safe and effective in preventing symptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis that have contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. In many patients, existing central lines pose a challenge to SVC filter placement due to the theoretical risk of line displacement and/or entrapment.

Purpose: To assess the risk of catheter entrapment by filter legs during SVC filter deployment and the risk of subsequent filter migration during catheter removal.

Complications of nonvascular interventions and their management: case-based review.

Objective: The educational objectives of this continuing medical education activity are for the reader to exercise, self-assess, and improve his or her skills in diagnostic radiology with regard to the complications of nonvascular interventions and their management.

Conclusion: The six scenarios in this article review how and why complications occur in nonvascular interventional procedures and how to manage them.