Salmonella Typhi Vaccination Response as a Tool for the Stratification of Risk in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies.

Predominantly antibody deficiencies are the most frequent type of primary immunodeficiency (PID). Diagnosis requires evaluation of the immune function by distinguishing the presence or absence of a response against polysaccharide antigens. serovar Typhi-based vaccines have proved to be a suitable tool.

Long Term Cell Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines Assessment Using a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Cutaneous Test.

Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in a pandemic situation.

Patients And Methods: Forty healthy healthcare workers accepted to participate during the vaccination schedule with a mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Easy approach to detect cell immunity to COVID vaccines in common variable immunodeficiency patients.

Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies, such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), have some problems to assess immune response after coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccination. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has the potential to be used as a useful, simple, and cheaper tool to assess T-cell (T lymphocyte) function.

Methods: Seventeen patients with CVID, a rare disease, received two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method.

Unlabelled: Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals.

Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA).

The Beauty of Simplicity: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction to Measure Cellular Immune Responses in RNA-SARS-Cov-2 Vaccinated Individuals.

Background: Monitoring cellular immune responses elicited in vaccinated individuals is highly complicated.

Methods: 28 individuals participated during the vaccination process with 12 BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA was performed in days 10 and 20 (after one dose of the vaccine) and on day 35 (after two vaccine doses) in serum samples of all participants.

A novel application of delayed-type hipersensitivity reaction to measure cellular immune response in SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals.

Objective: To understand the anti-virus adaptive immune response occurring during SARS-Cov-2 infection is necessary to have methods to investigate cellular and humoral components. The goal of this study has been to investigate the utility of a specific spike-DTH test using a coronavirus recombinant protein in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: DTH studies were performed by intradermal injection of a commercial recombinant spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 along with conventional serology studies.

Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. However, no association between RDW and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported so far; thus, the objective of this study was to determine if that association exists.

Methods: Prospective and observational study carried out in 8 Intensive Care Units from 6 hospitals of Canary Islands (Spain) including COVID-19 patients.

Isolated Ro52 Antibodies as Immunological Marker of a Mild Phenotype of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases.

The term undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) is used to describe undiagnosed patients that do not fulfill classification criteria for definite connective tissue disease (Systemic Lupus, Systemic Sclerosis, Sjögren Syndrome, and Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis). It is important to find serological markers as predictors of the evolution or severity of these diseases. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate if there was a milder subgroup of UCTD with a special clinical profile consisting only in the presence of anti-Ro52 autoantibodies.

Validation of Thwaites Index for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis in a Colombian population.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Thwaites Index (TI) in a Colombian population to distinguish meningeal tuberculosis (MTB) from bacterial meningitis (BM) and from non-tuberculous meningitis. Exploratory analyses were conducted to assess the TI's validity for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and children above six-years-old.

Methods: The study included 527 patients, the TI was calculated and results compared with those of a reference standard established by expert neurologists.

Role of specific IgE to β-lactoglobulin in the gastrointestinal phenotype of cow's milk allergy.

Rationale: The prevalence of many phenotypes of food allergy is increasing. Specific gastrointestinal (GI) phenotype of food allergy (GI allergy) is also increasing but it is difficult to know the prevalence because of many entities. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 1 year retrospective study of pediatric patients complaining exclusively gastrointestinal symptoms after cow's milk consumption and at least one positive specific IgE (sIgE) to cow's milk (CM) proteins (CMP) was done (n = 39).

Downregulation of angiogenesis factors, VEGF and PDGF, after rapid IgE desensitization and oral immunotherapy in children with food allergy.

Background: Angiogenesis has a key role in several conditions and is regulated by several factors such as the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The goal of this study was to investigate the possible role of PDGF and VEGF in a group of patients with severe food allergy.

Methods: We design a prospective longitudinal study (n = 30) with patients with persistent cow's milk proteins (CMP) allergy.

Segregation of a haplotype encompassing FEB1 with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus in a Colombian family.

Febrile seizures and epilepsy are believed to be linked and some forms of epilepsy are associated with a history of febrile seizures (FS). Linkage analysis to seven known loci for FS and/or genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS plus) was performed in a small Colombian family. Short tandem repeat (STR) markers were genotyped and two-point linkage analysis and haplotype reconstruction were conducted.

T cell activity in successful treatment of chronic urticaria with omalizumab.

Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody has the potential to alter allergen processing. Recently, it has been postulated the assessment of PHA-stimulated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity as maker of CD4+ T cells activity in peripheral blood cells. We present the case report of a 35-year-old woman with a history of chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema of 8 years of development with poor response to treatment.

Interpretation of mycobacterial antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of adults with tuberculous meningitis.

Objective: Microbiological identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is insensitive and slow, and clinical distinction of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) from other subacute or chronic meningoenchephalitides (SACM) is difficult. Successful use of highly specific M. tuberculosis serological assays on cerebrospinal fluid has been reported, but their performance for diagnosis in a tuberculosis endemic country where they would be of most value is unclear.

Similar diagnostic performance for neurocysticercosis of three glycoprotein preparations from Taenia solium metacestodes.

The detection of antibodies to Taenia solium metacestodes is very important in the differential diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC). In this study, an electroimmunotransfer blot (EITB) assay that uses an elaborate protocol with metacestode glycoproteins as antigens was compared with two other Western blots that use glycoproteins obtained using simpler methods, including an eluate from a lectin column, or the vesicular fluid (VF) of the parasite. The concordance between the three assays was 91% in patients with active NCC and 100% in patients with suspected NCC and previous documentation of negative serology.