Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions.

Matrix-matching calibration (MMC), two-point calibration transfer (TP CT), one-point and multi-line calibration (OP MLC), single-sample calibration (SSC) and calibration free (CF) were evaluated in order to overcome matrix effects in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These calibration strategies were evaluated for direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) using direct solids analysis by LIBS. Each strategy has limitations and advantages of its implementation, for the correction of matrix effects, so that it allows elementary determination with adequate accuracy.