Abiotic Stress Tolerance Boosted by Genetic Diversity in Plants.

Plant breeding [...

Molecular Genetics Enhances Plant Breeding.

Human-driven plant selection, a practice as ancient as agriculture itself, has laid the foundations of plant breeding and contemporary farming [...

Genome-Environment Associations, an Innovative Tool for Studying Heritable Evolutionary Adaptation in Orphan Crops and Wild Relatives.

Leveraging innovative tools to speed up prebreeding and discovery of genotypic sources of adaptation from landraces, crop wild relatives, and orphan crops is a key prerequisite to accelerate genetic gain of abiotic stress tolerance in annual crops such as legumes and cereals, many of which are still orphan species despite advances in major row crops. Here, we review a novel, interdisciplinary approach to combine ecological climate data with evolutionary genomics under the paradigm of a new field of study: genome-environment associations (GEAs). We first exemplify how GEA utilizes georeferencing from genotypically characterized, gene bank accessions to pinpoint genomic signatures of natural selection.

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From "Criollo" "Elite Trees" Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks.

Grafting induces precocity and maintains clonal integrity in fruit tree crops. However, the complex rootstock × scion interaction often precludes understanding how the tree phenotype is shaped, limiting the potential to select optimum rootstocks. Therefore, it is necessary to assess (1) how seedling progenies inherit trait variation from elite 'plus trees', and (2) whether such family superiority may be transferred after grafting to the clonal scion.

Whole Transcriptome Sequencing Unveils the Genomic Determinants of Putative Somaclonal Variation in Mint ( L.).

Mint ( L., Lamiaceae) is a strongly scented herb of the family Lamiaceae that is grown mostly by clonal propagation, making it a valuable species for the study of somaclonal variation and its phenotypic consequences. The recent introduction of a few species of mint in South America, followed by a presumably rampant propagation, make this region particularly ideal for studying the extent of somaclonal genetic diversity.

Genetic differentiation of grain, fodder and pod vegetable type cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) identified through single nucleotide polymorphisms from genotyping-by-sequencing.

The species Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp), commonly known as cowpea, is a multi-purpose legume that has been selected into three subspecies that are divided into grain, fodder and pod (yardlong bean) types. However, genetic bases for distinctions are not well understood.

Rootstock-Mediated Genetic Variance in Cadmium Uptake by Juvenile Cacao ( L.) Genotypes, and Its Effect on Growth and Physiology.

Grafting typically offers a shortcut to breed tree orchards throughout a multidimensional space of traits. Despite an overwhelming spectrum of rootstock-mediated effects on scion traits observed across several species, the exact nature and mechanisms underlying the rootstock-mediated effects on scion traits in cacao ( L.) plants often remain overlooked.

Entrepreneurship Education and Founding Passion: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Family Background.

In this paper, we examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion. Despite the advancement of entrepreneurship education literature and the increasing focus on entrepreneurship education in business schools, we lack empirical exploration on how entrepreneurship education can impact students' passion for founding new organizations. We hypothesize that students who take entrepreneurship classes would develop high levels of founding passion due to a great perception of skills and abilities that increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions about the entrepreneurship process.

Integrative Pre-Breeding for Biotic Resistance in Forest Trees.

Climate change is unleashing novel biotic antagonistic interactions for forest trees that may jeopardize populations' persistence. Therefore, this review article envisions highlighting major opportunities from ecological evolutionary genomics to assist the identification, conservation, and breeding of biotic resistance in forest tree species. Specifically, we first discuss how assessing the genomic architecture of biotic stress resistance enables us to recognize a more polygenic nature for a trait typically regarded Mendelian, an expectation from the Fisherian runaway pathogen-host concerted arms-race evolutionary model.

Harnessing Crop Wild Diversity for Climate Change Adaptation.

Warming and drought are reducing global crop production with a potential to substantially worsen global malnutrition. As with the green revolution in the last century, plant genetics may offer concrete opportunities to increase yield and crop adaptability. However, the rate at which the threat is happening requires powering new strategies in order to meet the global food demand.

Allelic Diversity at Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Relationship to Ecological Drought Indices for Cultivated Tepary Bean, A. Gray, and Its Wild Relatives.

Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in regions where drought stress is already an issue. Grain legumes are generally drought susceptible. However, tepary bean and its wild relatives within or are from arid areas between Mexico and the United States.

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado ( Mill.) cv. Hass.

Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. However, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding.

Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate.

Studying the genetics of adaptation to new environments in ecologically and industrially important tree species is currently a major research line in the fields of plant science and genetic improvement for tolerance to abiotic stress. Specifically, exploring the genomic basis of local adaptation is imperative for assessing the conditions under which trees will successfully adapt to global climate change. However, this knowledge has scarcely been used in conservation and forest tree improvement because woody perennials face major research limitations such as their outcrossing reproductive systems, long juvenile phase, and huge genome sizes.

Predicting Thermal Adaptation by Looking Into Populations' Genomic Past.

Molecular evolution offers an insightful theory to interpret the genomic consequences of thermal adaptation to previous events of climate change beyond range shifts. However, disentangling often mixed footprints of selective and demographic processes from those due to lineage sorting, recombination rate variation, and genomic constrains is not trivial. Therefore, here we condense current and historical population genomic tools to study thermal adaptation and outline key developments (genomic prediction, machine learning) that might assist their utilization for improving forecasts of populations' responses to thermal variation.

Last-Generation Genome-Environment Associations Reveal the Genetic Basis of Heat Tolerance in Common Bean ( L.).

Genome-environment associations (GEAs) are a powerful strategy for the study of adaptive traits in wild plant populations, yet they still lack behind in the use of modern statistical methods as the ones suggested for genome-wide association studies (GWASs). In order to bridge this gap, we couple GEA with last-generation GWAS algorithms in common bean to identify novel sources of heat tolerance across naturally heterogeneous ecosystems. Common bean ( L.

Does the Genomic Landscape of Species Divergence in Beans Coerce Parallel Signatures of Adaptation and Domestication?

Exploring the genomic architecture of species and populations divergence aids understanding how lineages evolve and adapt, and ultimately can show the repeatability of evolutionary processes. Yet, the genomic signatures associated with divergence are still relatively unexplored, leading to a knowledge gap on whether species divergence ultimately differs in its genetic architecture from divergence at other spatial scales (i.e.

On the Causes of Rapid Diversification in the Páramos: Isolation by Ecology and Genomic Divergence in .

How diversity arises and what is the relative role of allopatric and ecological divergence are among the most persistent questions in evolution and ecology. Here, we assessed whether ecological divergence has enhanced the diversification of the Neotropical alpine plant complex , also known as frailejones. This genus has one of the highest diversification rates ever reported and is distributed in the world's fastest evolving biodiversity hotspot, the Páramo (Neotropical alpine grasslands at elevations of c.

Uneven recombination rate and linkage disequilibrium across a reference SNP map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Recombination (R) rate and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses are the basis for plant breeding. These vary by breeding system, by generation of inbreeding or outcrossing and by region in the chromosome. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Genotyping by Sequencing and Genome-Environment Associations in Wild Common Bean Predict Widespread Divergent Adaptation to Drought.

Drought will reduce global crop production by >10% in 2050 substantially worsening global malnutrition. Breeding for resistance to drought will require accessing crop genetic diversity found in the wild accessions from the driest high stress ecosystems. Genome-environment associations (GEA) in crop wild relatives reveal natural adaptation, and therefore can be used to identify adaptive variation.

On how role versatility boosts an STI.

The prevalence of the HIV-1 infection has decayed in the last decades in western heterosexual populations. However, among men who have sex with men (MSM) the prevalence is still high, despite intensive campaigns and treatment programs that keep infected men as undetectable (Beyrer et al. 2012).

Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery From Left Coronary Sinus-13 Cases Treated With the Reimplantation Technique.

Objectives: Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is uncommon but potentially clinically significant. Manifestations vary from asymptomatic patients to those who present with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, syncope, arrhythmias, and sudden death. We describe our experience with surgical reimplantation and results at midterm follow-up.

Evolutionary potential in the Alpine: trait heritabilities and performance variation of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea from different elevations and microhabitats.

Alpine ecosystems are seriously threatened by climate change. One of the key mechanisms by which plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions is through evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the evolutionary potential in wild populations of long-lived alpine plants.