Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues Mediate the Immunoregulation of T Cells through the Purinergic Pathway.

Human dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs) constitute an attractive alternative to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for potential clinical applications because of their accessibility and anti-inflammatory capacity. We previously demonstrated that DT-MSCs from dental pulp (DP-MSCs), periodontal ligaments (PDL-MSCs), and gingival tissue (G-MSCs) show immunosuppressive effects similar to those of BM, but to date, the DT-MSC-mediated immunoregulation of T lymphocytes through the purinergic pathway remains unknown. In the present study, we compared DP-MSCs, PDL-MSCs, and G-MSCs in terms of CD26, CD39, and CD73 expression; their ability to generate adenosine (ADO) from ATP and AMP; and whether the concentrations of ADO that they generate induce an immunomodulatory effect on T lymphocytes.

Protector Role of Cx30.2 in Pancreatic β-Cell against Glucotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis.

Unlabelled: Glucotoxicity may exert its deleterious effects on pancreatic β-cell function via a myriad of mechanisms, leading to impaired insulin secretion and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. β-cell communication requires gap junction channels to be present among these cells. Gap junctions are constituted by transmembrane proteins of the connexins (Cxs) family.

Synthesis of hydrogels from biomaterials and their potential application in tissue engineering.

In this study, a series of hydrogels were synthesized from chitosan(s) that was crosslinking with glutaraldehyde at different concentrations. Ascorbic acid in an acidic medium was used to facilitate non-covalent interactions. The chitosan(s) was obtained from shrimp cytoskeleton; while ascorbic acid was extracted from xoconostle juice.

Development of a biodegradable prosthesis through tissue engineering, for the organ-replacement or substitution of the extrahepatic bile duct.

Introduction And Objectives: There are different situations in which an extrahepatic bile duct replacement or substitute is needed, such as initial and localized stages of bile duct cancer, agenesis, stenosis, or bile duct disruption.

Materials And Methods: A prosthesis obtained by electrospinning composed of Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PGLA) - Polycaprolactone (PCL) - Gelatin (Gel) was developed, mechanical and biological tests were carried out to evaluate resistance to tension, biocompatibility, biodegradability, cytotoxicity, morphological analysis and cell culture. The obtained prosthesis was placed in the extrahepatic bile duct of 15 pigs with a 2-year follow-up.

Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix.

The development of injectable hydrogels with natural biopolymers such as gelatin (Ge) and hyaluronic acid (Ha) is widely performed due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The combination of both polymers crosslinked with N-Ethyl-N'-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) can be used as an innovative dermal filler that stimulates fibroblast activity and increases skin elasticity and tightness. Thus, crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels with different concentrations of EDC were administered subcutaneously to test their efficacy in young and old rats.

Essential Oil of Promotes Cell Migration on Fibroblasts: In Vitro Assays.

Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile natural compounds. We have extensively studied the EO of , which demonstrates antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of this EO on fibroblast migration in a three-dimensional in vitro model.

Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Scaffold Coupled to CpG and MAGE-A5 as a Treatment against Murine Melanoma.

The half-time of cells and molecules used in immunotherapy is limited. Scaffolds-based immunotherapy against cancer may increase the half-life of the molecules and also support the migration and activation of leukocytes in situ. For this purpose, the use of gelatin (Ge)/hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffolds coupled to CpG and the tumor antigen MAGE-A5 is proposed.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Masticadienonic Acid and 3α-Hydroxy Masticadienoic Acid in Dendritic Cells.

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells, which identify and process pathogens to subsequently activate specific T lymphocytes. To regulate the immune responses, DCs have to mature by the recognition of TLR ligands, TNFα or IFNγ. These ligands have been used as adjuvants to activate DCs in situ or in vitro, with toxic effects.

Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffolds Derived from Bovine Cancellous Bone Matrix Promote Osteoinduction, Osteoconduction, and Osteogenesis.

The use of three-dimensional porous scaffolds derived from decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasing for functional repair and regeneration of injured bone tissue. Because these scaffolds retain their native structures and bioactive molecules, in addition to showing low immunogenicity and good biodegradability, they can promote tissue repair and regeneration. Nonetheless, imitating these features in synthetic materials represents a challenging task.

Epicutaneous Administration of 17β-Estradiol Induces Langerhans Cells Depletion.

Background: Langerhans cells (LC) number and function in mouse vaginal mucosa are affected by 17β-estradiol (E) application; nonetheless, its effect on epidermal LC has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical administration of E on the number, phenotype, and migratory ability of LC in mouse skin.

Methods: Ears of adult CD1 male mice were topically treated once with several doses.

Effects of high rosuvastatin doses on hepatocyte mitochondria of hypercholesterolemic mice.

Statins are the cornerstone of therapy for individuals with hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the undesirable effects of mild, moderate and high doses of rosuvastatin in CD-1 male mice who received a cholesterol-rich diet, focusing on the morphological and functional changes on hepatocyte mitochondria. In a mouse model we studied the combined administration of a cholesterol-rich diet along with mild and moderate doses of rosuvastatin (1, 2.

Wound Healing Activity of α-Pinene and α-Phellandrene.

is used in Mexican folk medicine to treat wounds on the skin. Recently, it was shown that the essential oil (EO) of has wound healing activity, accelerating cutaneous wound closure and generating scars with good tensile strength. α-pinene (PIN) and α-phellandrene (FEL) are terpenes that have been found in this EO, and it has been shown in different studies that both have anti-inflammatory activity.

Wound Healing Activity of the Essential Oil of , in Mice.

is used in Mexican folk medicine to treat wounds on the skin. It is an endemic tree known as "aceitillo", and the antibacterial and antifungal activity of its essential oil has been verified; it also acts as an anti-inflammatory. All of these reported biological activities make the essential oil of a candidate to accelerate the wound-healing process.

Differential adhesion and fibrinolytic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow, placenta, and Wharton's jelly cultured in a fibrin hydrogel.

Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different tissues should share associated markers and the capability to differentiate to mesodermal lineages. However, their behavior varies in specific microenvironments. Herein, adhesion and fibrinolytic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from placenta, bone marrow, and Wharton's jelly were evaluated in fibrin hydrogels prepared with nonpurified blood plasma and compared with two-dimensional cultures.

Influence of the PLGA/gelatin ratio on the physical, chemical and biological properties of electrospun scaffolds for wound dressings.

Chronic wounds are a global health problem, and their treatments are difficult and long lasting. The development of medical devices through tissue engineering has been conducted to heal this type of wound. In this study, it was demonstrated that the combination of natural and synthetic polymers, such as poly (D-L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and gelatin (Ge), were useful for constructing scaffolds for wound healing.

An absence of cilia outer microtubules, an etiology not previously recognized in bilateral mucocele.

Most paranasal sinus mucoceles are unilateral and affect one or at most two contiguous sinuses. We describe the case of a 44-year-old woman with bilateral maxillary sinus mucoceles who presented clinically with left malar pain, right-sided swelling, and proptosis of the right eye. The diagnostic workup included computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Neurons and satellite glial cells in adult rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia express connexin 36.

Previous studies have shown that following peripheral nerve injury there was a downregulation of the gap junction protein connexin 36 (Cx36) in the spinal cord; however, it is not known whether Cx36 protein is expressed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), nor if its levels are altered following peripheral nerve injuries. Here we address these aspects in the adult rat lumbar DRG. Cx36 mRNA was detected using qRT-PCR, and Cx36 protein was identified in DRG sections using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF).

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Clinical Scale Culture: In Vitro Evaluation of Their Differentiation, Hematopoietic Support, and Immunosuppressive Capacities.

The differentiation capacity, hematopoietic support, and immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) make them attractive therapeutic agents for a wide range of diseases. Clinical scale cultures (CSCs) have been used to expand BM-MSCs for their use in cell therapy protocols; however, little is known about the functionality of the expanded cells. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the functional characteristics of BM-MSCs expanded from CSCs to determine the quality of the cells for cellular therapy protocols.

Protective Action of Carica papaya on β-Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of C. papaya L. leaf extract (CPLE) on pancreatic islets in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, as well as on cultured normal pancreatic cells with STZ in the medium.

Histological Analysis of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Treated with Sodium Hyaluronate and Carboxymethylcellulose Gel.

Purpose: To evaluate macro and microscopically the adhesions developed after using the anti-adherence compound sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (SH-CBMC) gel and to determine the volume of the adhesions using a stereological estimation.

Methods: The study was experimental, random, comparative, and prospective. The subjects of the study were male Wistar rats divided in three groups (n = 10).

GK-1 improves the immune response induced by bone marrow dendritic cells loaded with MAGE-AX in mice with melanoma.

The aim of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in cancer is to induce tumor-specific effector T cells that may reduce and control tumor mass. Immunostimulants that could drive a desired immune response are necessary to be found in order to generate a long lasting tumor immune response. GK-1 peptide, derived from Taenia crassiceps, induces not only increase in TNFα, IFNγ, and MCP-1 production in cocultures of DCs and T lymphocytes but also immunological protection against influenza virus.