Frequency of diminished ovarian reserve in women with multiple sclerosis in Chile: An exploratory study.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease affecting around 2.8 million people worldwide. Two-thirds are women, and the mean age at diagnosis is about 30 years old.

In vivo and in vitro estrogenic and progestagenic actions of Tibolone.

Estrogen and progestin combination in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the incidence of breast cancer, but decreases the endometrial cancer risk of unopposed estrogen. Therefore, a SERM such as Tibolone, that delivers the beneficial, but not the adverse side effects, of steroid hormones would be clinically advantageous. However, data from the Million Women Study suggests that Tibolone increases the risk of both breast and endometrial cancer.

Tissue factor is regulated by epidermal growth factor in normal and malignant human endometrial epithelial cells.

Tissue Factor (TF), the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. TF is also expressed in normal human endometrium but little is known about its expression or regulation in endometrial cancer. We demonstrate herein that TF is expressed in the endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa.

Progesterone increases tissue factor gene expression, procoagulant activity, and invasion in the breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1.

Progesterone in hormonal preparations increases the incidence of breast cancer. Tissue factor (TF), the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, is associated with metastasis in a wide variety of cancers. We demonstrate herein that TF mRNA and protein are up-regulated by progesterone in the breast cancer cell line ZR-75.

Differential regulation of glucose transporter expression by estrogen and progesterone in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells.

Estrogen replacement therapy and other unopposed estrogen treatments increase the incidence of endometrial abnormalities, including cancer. However, this effect is counteracted by the co-administration of progesterone. In the endometrium, glucose transporter (GLUT) expression and glucose transport are known to fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle.

Estrogen and progesterone up-regulate glucose transporter expression in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer incidence increases in women receiving combined estrogen and progesterone therapy. Breast tumors show increased expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. We determined the effect of these hormones on GLUT1-4 expression and deoxyglucose transport in ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells.

alpha2-Adrenoceptors control the release of noradrenaline but not neuropeptide Y from perivascular nerve terminals.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and noradrenaline (NA) are co-transmitters at many sympathetic synapses, but it is not yet clear if their release is independently regulated. To address this question, we quantified the electrically evoked release of these co-transmitters from perivascular nerve terminals to the mesenteric circulation in control and drug-treated rats. 6-Hydroxydopamine reduced the tissue content and the electrically evoked release of ir-NPY and NA as well as the rise in perfusion pressure.