Nox4 is involved in acute kidney injury associated to intravascular hemolysis.

Massive intravascular hemolysis occurs not unfrequently in many clinical conditions. Breakdown of erythrocytes promotes the accumulation of heme-derivates in the kidney, increasing oxidative stress and cell death, thus promoting acute kidney injury (AKI). NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney, however it is unknown the role of Nox4 in hemolysis and whether inhibition of this enzyme may protect from heme-mediated injury.

Assessment of Changes in Selected Features of Pine and Birch Wood after Impregnation with Graphene Oxide.

In this work, pine and birch wood were modified by graphene oxide using a single vacuum impregnation method. The research results indicate that the impregnation of wood with graphene oxide increases the crystallinity of cellulose in both pine and birch wood, and the increase in crystallinity observed in the case of birch was more significant than in the case of pine. FT-IR analyses of pine samples impregnated with graphene oxide showed changes in intensity in the absorption bands of 400-600, 700-1500 cm, and 3200-3500 cm and a peak separation of 1102 cm, which may indicate new C-O-C connections.

Micronutrient deficiencies in older patients with inflammatory bowel disease are not associated with worse adverse clinical outcome rates.

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) and age have been previously separately associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, previous clinical outcomes in older patients with MNDs have been poorly described. We examined the age-related rates of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with 1 or more MNDs.

Ultrafast spin transfer and its impact on the electronic structure.

Optically induced intersite spin transfer (OISTR) promises manipulation of spin systems within the ultimate time limit of laser excitation. Following its prediction, signatures of ultrafast spin transfer between oppositely aligned spin sublattices have been observed in magnetic alloys and multilayers. However, it is known neither from theory nor from experiment whether the band structure immediately follows the ultrafast change in spin polarization or whether the exchange split bands remain rigid.

Tyrosine kinase 2 modulates splenic B cells through type I IFN and TLR7 signaling.

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This signaling pathway is crucial in the early antiviral response and remains incompletely understood on B cells. Therefore, to understand the role of TYK2 in B cells, we studied these cells under homeostatic conditions and following in vitro activation using Tyk2-deficient (Tyk2) mice.

Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of New Ecotypes.

The purpose of this study was to characterize ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers of two ecotypes (PL-intended for industrial plantations and KC-intended for cut flowers) of Mill. The plant was cultivated in 2019 in southern Poland as part of a long-term research plan to develop new varieties resistant to difficult environmental conditions. The collected leaves and flowers were used to prepare ethanol extracts, which were then analyzed in terms of phytochemical composition and antioxidant, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties.

Human IgMCD300a B Cells Are Circulating Marginal Zone Memory B Cells That Respond to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides and Their Frequency Is Decreased in People Living with HIV.

CD300a is differentially expressed among B cell subsets, although its expression in immunoglobulin (Ig)M B cells is not well known. We identified a B cell subset expressing CD300a and high levels of IgM (IgMCD300a). The results showed that IgMCD300a B cells were CD10CD27CD25IgDCD21CD23CD38CD1c, suggesting that they are circulating marginal zone (MZ) IgM memory B cells.

Antimicrobial Properties and Assessment of the Content of Bioactive Compounds Mill. Cultivated in Southern Poland.

Lavender is a valued plant due to its cosmetic, perfumery, culinary, and health benefits. A wide range of applications is related to the composition of bioactive compounds, the quantity and quality of which is determined by various internal and external factors, i.e.

Study and isolation of human intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets.

Dendritic cells and macrophages are the main antigen-presenting cells (APC). In the gut, they control the mechanisms of tolerance toward commensals and nutrients, at the time that they maintain their capacity to trigger immune responses against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, this balance is not perfect as it can get disrupted like in inflammatory bowel disease (where they drive an abnormal immune response against the microbiota) or in coeliac disease (where they trigger an immune response against dietary gluten).

Mechanochemical Oxidative Degradation of Thienopyridine Containing Drugs: Toward a Simple Tool for the Prediction of Drug Stability.

The long-term stability of an active-pharmaceutical ingredient and its drug products plays an important role in the licensing process of new pharmaceuticals and for the application of the drug at the patient. It is, however, difficult to predict degradation profiles at early stages of the development of new drugs, making the entire process very time-consuming and costly. Forced mechanochemical degradation under controlled conditions can be used to realistically model long-term degradation processes naturally occurring in drug products, avoiding the use of solvents, thus excluding irrelevant solution-based degradation pathways.

A Rare Etiology of Esophageal Obstruction: Esophageal Clot Formation After Teeth Extraction.

Esophageal obstruction represents an endoscopic emergency owing to the high mortality rate associated with complications, including perforation and airway compromise. While typically caused by food or foreign body ingestion, esophageal clot represents a rare etiology of obstruction. We present a case of esophageal obstruction in the context of an anastomotic stricture and chronic anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation caused by clot formation due to oral hemorrhage after dental extractions.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Following Cranial Radiation: Identification of Shunting Responders.

Background: We examined cognitive, brain MRI, and lumbar infusion test (LIT) features to identify predictors of response to ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) in long-term cancer survivors with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) following cranial radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: Patients who completed cranial RT at least 2 years before with clinically suspected NPH and an Evans' index (EI) ≥ 0.30 underwent a cognitive and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumetric (MRI) analysis ( = 36).

Toll-like Receptor Signaling-deficient Cells Enhance Antitumor Activity of Cell-based Immunotherapy by Increasing Tumor Homing.

Unlabelled: Cancer immunotherapy aims to activate the immune system. Some immunotherapeutic agents can be loaded in carrier cells for delivering to the tumors. However, a challenge with cell-based therapies is the selection of the appropriate cells to produce effective clinical outcomes.

White Esophagus: The Result of Polypharmacy.

Candida esophagitis can occur in immunocompetent patients through impairment of host defense mechanisms including salivation, esophageal motility, acidic pH, and innate immunity. Commonly prescribed medications inhibit these mechanisms, and polypharmacy has been shown to have an additive effect on promoting Candida infection. We present the case of an immunocompetent patient who was chronically prescribed multiple medications associated with Candida esophagitis but experienced infection only after the addition of oral delayed-release budesonide, which has not previously been associated with Candida esophagitis.

Age-dependent nasal immune responses in non-hospitalized bronchiolitis children.

Bronchiolitis in children is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Many studies have been performed using samples from hospitalized bronchiolitis patients, but little is known about the immunological responses from infants suffering from mild/moderate bronchiolitis that do not require hospitalization. We have studied a collection of nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples from outpatient bronchiolitis children as a novel strategy to unravel local humoral and cellular responses, which are not fully characterized.

Quality Parameters of PE-Pomace Based Membranes.

This paper presents the results of research on selected mechanical and physical properties of polyethylene membranes containing 50% of the plant fraction obtained as waste from an edible oil press. The produced biomembranes were characterized by low tensile strength (2.02-4.

Exacerbation of Atopic Dermatitis Associated with Ustekinumab Treatment in Crohn's Disease.

Ustekinumab inhibits interleukins 12 and 23 and modulates the T helper cell-mediated immune response of Crohn's disease. However, ustekinumab may also exacerbate atopic disease by increasing the T helper 2 cell-mediated pathway. We present the first known case of exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in a patient with Crohn's disease receiving ustekinumab.

Disease activity after discontinuation of disease-modifying therapies in patients with multiple sclerosis in Argentina: data from the nationwide registry RelevarEM.

Introduction: The discontinuation of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonly seen in real-world settings due to several factors.

Area Cover: The aim of this study is to describe the frequency of disease activity after discontinuation of DMTs in MS patients included in the Argentinean MS and NMOSD registry.

Discusion: Patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and active secondary progressive MS (SPMS) were included based on the following criteria: they discontinued treatment for more than 6 months, they had been treated with a DMT for ≥2 years, and they had at least 6 months of follow-up in the registry after discontinuation.

Small Molecules as Toll-like Receptor 4 Modulators Drug and Computational Repurposing.

The innate immunity toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) system is a receptor of paramount importance as a therapeutic target. Virtual screening following a "computer-aided drug repurposing" approach was applied to the discovery of novel TLR4 modulators with a non-lipopolysaccharide-like structure. We screened almost 29,000 approved drugs and drug-like molecules from commercial, public, and academia chemical libraries and, after biological assays, identified several compounds with TLR4 antagonist activity.

Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in intravascular hemolysis-mediated injury.

Massive intravascular hemolysis is a common characteristic of several pathologies. It is associated with the release of large quantities of heme into the circulation, promoting injury in vulnerable organs, mainly kidney, liver, and spleen. Heme activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key regulator of the inflammatory response; however, the role of TLR4 in hemolysis and whether inhibition of this receptor may protect from heme-mediated injury are unknown.

A new wing skeleton of the Jehol tapejarid Sinopterus and its implications for ontogeny and paleoecology of the Tapejaridae.

The tapejarid pterosaurs flourished in the Jehol Biota with an abundance of immature individuals and a rarity of individuals at skeletal maturity. Most of these individuals plot well on an ontogenetic series based on the proportions of limb elements, but this has lacked histological evidence until now. Here, a new wing skeleton of Sinopterus was thin-sectioned to provide the first histological data about the ontogeny of the Jehol tapejarids.