FABRICATION OF MULTILUMEN MICROFLUIDIC TUBING FOR DIRECT LASER WRITING.

Among the numerous additive manufacturing or "three-dimensional (3D) printing" techniques, two-photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW) is distinctively suited for applications that demand high geometric versatility with micron-to-submicron-scale feature resolutions. Recently, " DLW (DLW)" has emerged as a powerful approach for printing 3D microfluidic structures directly atop meso/macroscale fluidic tubing that can be manipulated by hand; however, difficulties in creating custom DLW-compatible multilumen tubing at such scales has hindered progress. To address this impediment, here we introduce a novel methodology for fabricating submillimeter multilumen tubing for DLW 3D printing.

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Versus Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Detecting Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Ischemia: Comparison with Coronary Angiography.

Background: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the same patients, using coronary angiography as the reference standard.

Methods: Thirty patients with known or suspected CAD who were referred for exercise SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia underwent stress CMR MPI and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) or selective coronary angiography (SCA). The data from the two stress modalities were compared against the data from angiography.

Although Non-diagnostic Between Necrosis and Recurrence, FDG PET/CT Assists Management of Brain Tumours After Radiosurgery.

Aim: To re-evaluate the role of (18)F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/ computer assisted tomography (PET/CT) co-registered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating adverse radiation effect (ARE) from tumour recurrence after Gamma Knife radiosurgery of brain tumours.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven PET/CT studies co-registered with MRI were performed on 16 patients after radiosurgery, with 12/16 patients having multiple radiosurgery treatments. Long term follow-up was used for evaluation, with 3/16 patients being histopathologically confirmed.

Imaging of coronary artery bypass grafts by computed tomography coronary angiography.

In recent years, computed tomography coronary angiography is commonly performed as a follow-up examination after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Coronary grafts owing to their minimal motion are well visualized by computed tomography coronary angiography, allowing radiologists to assess their patency noninvasively with very high diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to provide an excellent overview of the anatomy and findings concerning coronary artery bypass grafts.

Coronary artery anomalies in adults: imaging at dual source CT coronary angiography.

Congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries have an incidence of 1%, and most of these are benign. However, a small number are associated with myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. Various imaging modalities are available for coronary artery assessment.

Leydig cell tumour of the ovary localised with positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Androgen-producing ovarian tumours can lead to assessment difficulties because of their small size. We present a case of virilising steroid cell ovarian tumour in a 41-year-old woman localised with Fluorine-18-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography ((18)FDG-PET/CT). Although the biochemical evaluation pointed to an ovarian source of androgen, diagnostic attempts to localise the source of hyperandrogenism with transvaginal ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pelvis failed.

Correlation of radiation dose and heart rate in dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography.

Background: Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has been widely used since the introduction of 64-slice scanners and dual-source CT technology, but the relatively high radiation dose remains a major concern.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between radiation exposure and heart rate (HR), in dual-source CTCA.

Material And Methods: Data from 218 CTCA examinations, performed with a dual-source 64-slices scanner, were statistically evaluated.

The impact of FDG-PET/CT on the management of breast cancer patients with elevated tumor markers and negative or equivocal conventional imaging modalities.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical impact of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/computed tomography (CT) scan on restaging breast cancer patients with rising tumor markers and negative or equivocal findings in conventional imaging studies.

Methods: We studied 46 patients with breast cancer of an average age of 57.6 years (ranging from 38 to 68 years).

Typical cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings of cardiac amyloidosis.

We report the case of a 62-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath, lower extremity edema and clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with severe diastolic dysfunction and biatrial enlargement. After aggressive diuresis and clinical improvement, a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) examination was performed.

Short-term changes in drug agglomeration within interactive mixtures following blending.

The objective was to investigate the nature and extent of short-term dynamic changes to dissolution within specific interactive mixtures following blending. Two micronized drugs, nitrazepam and flunitrazepam, were formulated into lactose-based interactive mixtures containing a micronized surfactant. The dissolution rate of the drugs decreased significantly over a period of days after preparation.

Cardiac magnetic resonance detection and typical appearance of microvascular obstruction following myocardial infarction.

We report the case of a 58-year-old man with a recent anterior myocardial infarction, for which he did not receive prompt reperfusion therapy. The patient underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, for the assessment of left ventricular function and myocardial viability, and coronary angiography, two weeks after the acute cardiac event. The CMR study demonstrated a moderately dilated left ventricle, with impaired systolic function and wall motion abnormalities in the anterior, apical and inferior left ventricular walls.

Percutaneous CT-guided fine-needle aspiration of pulmonary lesions: Results and complications in 409 patients.

The purpose of this study was to report our centre's experience in the results and complications of percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy. A retrospective review of 409 patients who underwent percutaneous CT-guided fine-needle aspiration of suspicious lung lesions for more than 5 years was carried out. Nodule sizes ranged from 0.

Clinical experience from 1000 consecutive cardiovascular MRI cases at a tertiary referral medical center.

We present our experience from the first 1000 clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging cases performed at our institution. The case load included pediatric and adult patients with a male predominance (two thirds of the patient population). The spectrum of diseases was very broad, and included myopathic, atherosclerotic, vascular, valvular, pericardial, neoplasmatic and congenital heart disease.

Negative gallium-67 citrate and positive positron emission tomography/computed tomography spleen scans, in Hodgkin's stage IV lymphoma.

An 18-year-old male patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma stage IVB (HL-IVB), is presented. On a follow-up examination a splenic ultrasound scan showed the presence of multiple intense nodules. The gallium-67 citrate, single photon emission tomography scan was negative, while positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) scan with fluoro-18-fluordeoxyglucose was strongly positive.

Radiofrequency ablation of intra-articular osteoid osteoma of the hip.

Diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular osteoid osteoma is challenging. We present 16 patients with intra-articular osteoid osteomas of the hip treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Eight osteoid osteomas were located in the femoral head, six in the femoral neck, and two in the acetabulum.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance evaluation of patients with transposition of the great arteries following atrial switch surgical correction.

We present a method of imaging patients with surgically corrected transposition of the great arteries using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and we describe the findings from a typical case. Cardiac magnetic resonance is superior to other imaging methods for patients with complex congenital heart diseases, both for establishing the initial diagnosis and for subsequent follow-up after surgical therapy.

Relationship of number of phases per cardiac cycle and accuracy of measurement of left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and mass.

In cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, for any preset imaging parameters the number of phases per cardiac cycle for a single slice is proportional to breath-hold duration. We investigated the relationship between the accuracy of measurement of left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV and ESV, respectively), mass and ejection fraction (EF), and the number of phases acquired per cardiac cycle. Twelve adult volunteers underwent cardiac MRI and five complete LV functional studies were obtained with 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20 phases per cardiac cycle.

Biexponential T2 relaxation time analysis of the brain: correlation with magnetization transfer ratio.

Rationale And Objectives: To measure T2 relaxation times of normal white and gray matter using a novel CPMG sequence and investigate if any correlation exists between magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and T2 relaxation-related parameters.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen normal volunteers participated on this study. A single-slice 32-echo sequence was used to calculate the T2 relaxation time of frontal and occipital white matter and cortical gray matter.

Perforation of the alimentary tract: evaluation with computed tomography.

Background: To assess the value of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of perforation of the alimentary tract (AT).

Methods: During a 4-year period 76 patients with proven AT perforation underwent CT within 1 week before surgery or endoscopy. We retrospectively reviewed these CT scans to determine the signs of AT perforation.

Peritoneal metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract: CT and MR imaging.

We present three patients with peritoneal metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. CT scan in one patient showed massive ascites with subtle peritoneal thickening and infiltration of omental fat. We had the opportunity to study the other patients with both CT and MR.

Infarction of the corpus callosum: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) features of corpus callosum (CC) infarctions.

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 352 consecutive cranial CT and MR scans showing cerebral infarcts. Involvement of the CC was identified in 28 patients.

MR cholangiopancreatography at 0.5 T with a 3D inversion recovery turbo-spin-echo sequence.

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) at 0.5 T. The MRCP technique was performed in 28 patients with symptomatology referrable to the biliary system.

Acute subarachnoid haemorrhage: detection with magnetic resonance imaging.

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of fluid attenuated turbo inversion recovery (FLAT TIRE) MR pulse sequence for detecting acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Seven patients with SAH were studied within 6 days of ictus. Six of them underwent both CT and MRI and one MRI only.