eIF4B and eIF4G jointly stimulate eIF4A ATPase and unwinding activities by modulation of the eIF4A conformational cycle.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is a DEAD-box protein that participates in translation initiation. As an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, it is thought to resolve secondary structure elements from the 5'-untranslated region of mRNAs to enable ribosome scanning. The RNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent helicase activities of eIF4A are enhanced by auxiliary proteins, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.

RAS mutation status predicts survival and patterns of recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.

Objective: To determine the impact of RAS mutation status on survival and patterns of recurrence in patients undergoing curative resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) after preoperative modern chemotherapy.

Background: RAS mutation has been reported to be associated with aggressive tumor biology. However, the effect of RAS mutation on survival and patterns of recurrence after resection of CLM remains unclear.

Multimodal integration of micro-Doppler sonar and auditory signals for behavior classification with convolutional networks.

The ability to recognize the behavior of individuals is of great interest in the general field of safety (e.g. building security, crowd control, transport analysis, independent living for the elderly).

Twenty-year longitudinal follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation: a single-center experience of 313 consecutive cases.

With excellent short-term survival in liver transplantation (LT), we now focus on long-term outcome and report the first European single-center 20-year survival data. Three hundred thirty-seven LT were performed in 313 patients (09/88-12/92). Impact on long-term outcome was studied and a comparison to life expectancy of matched normal population was performed.

Design of silicon brains in the nano-CMOS era: spiking neurons, learning synapses and neural architecture optimization.

We present a design framework for neuromorphic architectures in the nano-CMOS era. Our approach to the design of spiking neurons and STDP learning circuits relies on parallel computational structures where neurons are abstracted as digital arithmetic logic units and communication processors. Using this approach, we have developed arrays of silicon neurons that scale to millions of neurons in a single state-of-the-art Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

Imaging appearance of sarcomas of the prostate.

Sarcomas of the prostate are rare tumours. Their clinicopathologic features are well described, however, the imaging features of these tumours have rarely been documented. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the imaging findings of prostate sarcomas, with an emphasis on their appearance on magnetic resonance imaging and to identify features that may help to differentiate them from the commoner prostate adenocarcinomas.

Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis and meningitis with intraventricular colistin after application of a loading dose: a case series.

Treatment results of six post-neurosurgical ventriculitis and meningitis cases caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii after application of an intraventricular loading dose of 500000 IU (40 mg) of colistin followed by a dose of 125000-250000 IU (10-20 mg) every 24-48 h plus parenteral colistin are reported. Simultaneous bacteraemia with an identical Acinetobacter strain was observed in three patients. The mean duration of treatment was 17.

Margin status remains an important determinant of survival after surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases in the era of modern chemotherapy.

Objective: To determine the impact of surgical margin status on overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases after modern preoperative chemotherapy.

Background: In the era of effective chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases, the association between surgical margin status and survival has become controversial.

Methods: Clinicopathologic data and outcomes for 378 patients treated with modern preoperative chemotherapy and hepatectomy were analyzed.

Postoperative rhabdomyolysis: a completely localised and symmetrical phenomenon?

The aim of this case report is to describe an unusual case, where rhabdomyolysis was completely confined to both anterior tibial muscles, with sparing of the posterior compartments (no involvement of gastrocnemii). The patient had undergone a 3 h craniotomy and was weaned from ventilator support on postoperative day 1. All haemodynamic and vital parameters were within normal limits.

Endovascular treatment of ruptured dissecting posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms.

Dissecting aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) distal to its origin from vertebral artery (VA) are very rare. Although rare, they associated with a high risk of rebleeding and they present a therapeutic challenge. This study reviewed the clinical presentations, angiographic characteristics of dissecting aneurysms of the PICA and to assess the clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients who underwent endovascular treatment.

Microvascular invasion does not predict long-term survival in hepatocellular carcinoma up to 2 cm: reappraisal of the staging system for solitary tumors.

Background: Excellent long-term outcomes have been reported recently for patients with small (≤2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the significance of microvascular invasion (MVI) in small HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of MVI in small HCC up to 2 cm.

Acid-sensing ion channel 1: a novel therapeutic target for migraine with aura.

Objective: Migraine with aura is a severe debilitating neurological disorder with few relatively specific therapeutic options.

Methods: We used amiloride, a blocker of epithelial sodium channels, to evaluate its pharmacological potential and explored the biology of a potential mechanism of action in well-established experimental models.

Results: Amiloride was shown to block cortical spreading depression, the experimental correlate of aura, and inhibited trigeminal activation in in vivo migraine models, via an acid-sensing ion channel 1 mechanism.

Measurement reproducibility of perfusion fraction and pseudodiffusion coefficient derived by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging in normal liver and metastases.

Objective: To determine the measurement reproducibility of perfusion fraction f, pseudodiffusion coefficient D and diffusion coefficient D in colorectal liver metastases and normal liver.

Methods: Fourteen patients with known colorectal liver metastases were examined twice using respiratory-triggered echo-planar DW-MRI with eight b values (0 to 900 s/mm(2)) 1 h apart. Regions of interests were drawn around target metastasis and normal liver in each patient to derive ADC (all b values), ADC(high) (b values ≥ 100 s/mm(2)) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters f, D and D by least squares data fitting.

Frailty predicts outcome of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in geriatric patients.

Background: Frailty is a phenotype characterized by complex and challenging medical problems and higher susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. It can be derived at by a multidimensional process known as comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), which assesses the functional reserves of the elderly. In this study we report for the first time on a prospective evaluation of the association between CGA and postoperative complications after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary disease.

High fat food increases gastric residence and thus thresholds for objective symptoms in allergic patients.

Scope: We have tested the hypothesis that high fat foods such as chocolate induce reduced rates of gastric emptying in comparison to lower fat foods and that this can impact uptake of allergens and subsequent reactions in allergic patients.

Methods And Results: In four volunteers, magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure gastric emptying of a series of nine doses of either dark chocolate bars containing 35% fat or a chocolate dessert containing 8% fat. Analysis showed a mean rate of decrease in gastric volume with an 8% fat dessert was 0.

The DEAD-box helicase eIF4A: paradigm or the odd one out?

DEAD-box helicases catalyze the ATP-dependent unwinding of RNA duplexes. They share a helicase core formed by two RecA-like domains that carries a set of conserved motifs contributing to ATP binding and hydrolysis, RNA binding and duplex unwinding. The translation initiation factor eIF4A is the founding member of the DEAD-box protein family, and one of the few examples of DEAD-box proteins that consist of a helicase core only.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX for primary colorectal cancer is associated with increased somatic gene mutations and inferior survival in patients undergoing hepatectomy for metachronous liver metastases.

Objective: We hypothesized that metachronous colorectal liver metastases (CLM) have different biology after failure of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or no chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Background: It is unclear whether patients treated with liver resection for metachronous CLM after adjuvant FOLFOX for CRC have worse outcomes than those who received 5-FU or no chemotherapy.

Methods: We identified 341 patients who underwent hepatectomy for metachronous CLM (disease-free interval ≥12 months, 1993-2010).

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: treatment with multiple sessions of intra-arterial nimodipine and angioplasty.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by acute severe headache with or without additional neurological symptoms and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction. Unruptured aneurysms have been reported in some cases with RCVS. We describe a severe case of a 50-year-old woman with RCVS presenting as cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Greater complexity of liver surgery is not associated with an increased incidence of liver-related complications except for bile leak: an experience with 2,628 consecutive resections.

Background: Advances in technique, technology, and perioperative care have allowed for the more frequent performance of complex and extended hepatic resections. The purpose of this study was to determine if this increasing complexity has been accompanied by a rise in liver-related complications.

Methods: A large prospective single-institution database of patients who underwent hepatic resection was used to identify the incidence of liver-related complications.

Improved long-term survival after major resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter analysis based on a new definition of major hepatectomy.

Background: Advances in the surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have expanded the indications for curative hepatectomy, including more extensive liver resections. The purpose of this study was to examine long-term survival trends for patients treated with major hepatectomy for HCC.

Patients And Methods: Clinicopathologic data for 1,115 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between 1981 and 2008 at five hepatobiliary centers in France, China, and the USA were assessed.