Effect of Photobiomodulation on an Experimental Model of Lower Limb Ischemia.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to be promising for the promotion of angiogenesis. The present study investigated the effects of PBM on vascularization in an animal model of peripheral artery disease. Wistar rats were divided into three groups.

Preventive and therapeutic vascular photobiomodulation decreases the inflammatory markers and enhances the muscle repair process in an animal model.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has shown positive effects when applied locally to modulate the inflammatory process and facilitate muscle repair. However, the available literature on the mechanisms of action of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM), a non-invasive method of vascular irradiation, specifically in the context of local muscle repair, is limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) using a low-level laser (LLL) on the inflammatory response and the process of skeletal muscle repair whether administered prior to or following cryoinjury-induced acute muscle damage in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles.

Effects of amber LED on inflammatory and regulatory monocytes and lymphocytes.

The primary objective of the present study was to assess the impact of amber LED photobiomodulation (PBM) on human monocytes and lymphocytes that were polarized into proinflammatory and regulatory/reparative phenotypes. Human leukocytes were polarized with LPS or LPS + IL-4 for 2 h and irradiated after 2 and 6 h with amber LED (590 nm). Cell absorbance spectrum and gene and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and IFNγ determined after 24 h.

Effect of Photobiomodulation Combined with Physiotherapy on Functional Performance in Children with Myelomeningo-Cele-Randomized, Blind, Clinical Trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the electrical activity of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles during the sit-to-stand task and functional mobility after a neurofunctional physiotherapy protocol associated with PBM.

Methods: Twenty-five children were randomly allocated to either Active PBM + physiotherapy (n = 13) or PBM sham + physiotherapy (n = 12). PBM was carried out with a LED device (850 nm, 25 J, 50 s per point and 200 mW) at four points over the area with absence of a spiny process.

Systemic vascular photobiomodulation accelerates the recovery of motor activity in rats following spinal cord injury.

Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes the discontinuity of the spinal canal, leading to functional and sensorial losses in areas below the injury, which are often irreversible. Photobiomodulation (PBM) can enhance the neuromuscular repair process, especially in cases of peripheral nerve injuries. However, there is little knowledge regarding the effects of this therapeutic modality on recovery following a SCI, especially the noninvasive systemic form denominated vascular PBM (VPBM).

Shape-Memory Effect Triggered by π-π Interactions in a Flexible Terpyridine Metal-Organic Framework.

Shape-memory polymers and alloys are adaptable materials capable of reversing from a deformed, metastable phase to an energetically favored original phase in response to external stimuli. In the context of metal-organic frameworks, the term shape-memory is defined as the property of a switchable framework to stabilize the reopened pore phase after the first switching transition. Herein we describe a novel flexible terpyridine MOF which, upon desolvation, transforms into a nonporous structure that reopens into a shape-memory phase when exposed to CO at 195 K.

A new WHO bottle bioassay method to assess the susceptibility of mosquito vectors to public health insecticides: results from a WHO-coordinated multi-centre study.

Background: The continued spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors of malaria and arboviral diseases may lead to operational failure of insecticide-based interventions if resistance is not monitored and managed efficiently. This study aimed to develop and validate a new WHO glass bottle bioassay method as an alternative to the WHO standard insecticide tube test to monitor mosquito susceptibility to new public health insecticides with particular modes of action, physical properties or both.

Methods: A multi-centre study involving 21 laboratories worldwide generated data on the susceptibility of seven mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto [An.

Experimental evidence for clothianidin deposition in feathers of house sparrows after ingestion of sublethal doses treated seeds.

Bird feathers are commonly used to assess environmental contamination by chemical pollutants. However, although neonicotinoid insecticides are widely applied worldwide, feathers have rarely been used to survey the contamination by neonicotinoids in birds. To investigate whether clothianidin, one compound of the neonicotinoid class, is deposited into birds' feathers, we conducted an experiment with 56 wild male and female house sparrows dispatched in 7 aviaries.

Effects of systemic vascular photobiomodulation using LED or laser on sensory-motor recovery following a peripheral nerve injury in Wistar rats.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is associated with considerable functional impairment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects regarding neuromuscular repair after PNI when applied locally to the nerve or injured muscle. However, the effects of systemic PBM with transcutaneous application over an important artery, which is also denominated vascular PBM (VPBM), remain unclear.

Anion···Anion [AuI]···[AuI] Complex Trapped in the Solid State by Tetramethylammonium Cations.

A discrete π-hole···σ-hole dimer is synthesized and X-ray characterized. It presents a perfect thumbtack geometry where the σ-hole of the linear [AuI] anion points to the π-hole located above the central Au-atom of the [AuI] anion. Such discrete π-hole···σ-hole dimers are unprecedented in literature, since all mixed-valence gold(I/III) iodide compounds reported to date form infinite ···([AuI]···[AuI]) ·· chains in the solid state.

Vascular photobiomodulation increases muscle fiber diameter and improves the gait during compensatory hypertrophy of plantar muscle in rats.

The local photobiomodulation (LPBM) has demonstrated positive effects during compensatory hypertrophy (CH) in skeletal muscle as a response to an overload. The aim was to compare the effects of the transcutaneous vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) and the LPBM on muscle fiber size, gait functionality, and on mechanical sensitivity during the CH model in rats. VPBM was administered over the rat's main tail vein and LPBM was applied over the plantar muscle region.

Effects of photobiomodulation in experimental spinal cord injury models: A systematic review.

This systematic review investigated the repercussions of photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) in experimental models. Studies were identified from relevant databases published between January 2009 and December 2021. Nineteen original articles were selected and 68.

Metallophilic interactions in silver(I) dicyanoaurate complexes.

This manuscript reports four new gold(I)-silver(I) complexes with 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (pyNP) and terpyridine (terpy) as ancillary ligands, having formulae [Ag(pyNP)(Au(CN))] (1), [AgAu(μ-CN)(CN)(pyNP)] (2), [AgAu(μ-CN)(terpy)][Au(CN)] (3) and [AgAu(μ-CN)(terpy)(py)] (4). Complexes 1 and 2 are structural isomers obtained from different solvents. The Au(CN) anion is not coordinated and establishes intramolecular Au⋯Ag,Ag interactions in 1.

HgBrI: a possible tecton for NLO molecular materials?

Mixed mercury(II) halogenides have been known for a long time as good NLO (non-linear optic) materials. The NLO properties are due to the halogen disposition in the solid state and the electron distribution among the bonds formed by soft elements. We investigated the possibility of using HgBrI as a asymmetric tecton in the preparation of noncentrosymmetric crystalline compounds, by exploiting the coordinating power of Hg(II) toward N-donor ligands, and seven coordination complexes have been obtained.

The contribution of HIV point-of-care tests in early HIV diagnosis: community-based HIV testing monitoring in Catalonia, 1995 to 2018.

BackgroundCommunity-based HIV testing services combined with the use of point-of-care tests (POCT) have the potential to improve early diagnosis through increasing availability, accessibility and uptake of HIV testing.AimTo describe community-based HIV testing activity in Catalonia, Spain, from 1995 to 2018, and to evaluate the impact of HIV POCT on the HIV continuum of care.MethodsA community-based network of voluntary counselling and testing services in Catalonia, Spain has been collecting systematic data on activity, process and results since 1995.

The impact of periodontitis in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pulmonary and systemic effects.

Aims: The aim of this study was to verify the impact of periodontitis in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in C57Bl/6J mice.

Main Methods: The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Basal, Periodontitis (P), COPD and COPD+P. COPD was induced by orotracheal instillation of 30 μl of cigarette extract 3 times/week for 7 weeks.

Effects of 660-nm and 780-nm Laser Therapy on ST88-14 Schwann Cells.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the comparative effects of red (660-nm) and near-infrared (780-nm) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on viability, mitochondrial activity, morphology and gene expression of growth factors on Schwann cells (SC). ST88-14 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 with 10 mM of HEPES, 2 mM of glutamine, 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution at 37°C in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO . Cells were detached with trypsin and centrifugated at 231 g for 5 min at 10°C, and the pellet (8 × 10  cells/tube) was irradiated at the bottom of 50 ml polypropylene tube with a Twin-Laser system (660 and 780 nm, 40 mW, 1 mW cm , 3.

Photobiomodulation modulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines during the compensatory hypertrophy process in skeletal muscle.

Compensatory hypertrophy (CH) occurs due to excessive mechanical load on a muscle, promoting an increase in the size of muscle fibers. In clinical practice, situations such as partial nerve injuries, denervation, and muscle imbalance caused by trauma to muscles and nerves or diseases that promote the loss of nerve conduction can induce CH in muscle fibers. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated beneficial effects on muscle tissue during CH.

Sensory and motor responses after photobiomodulation associated with physiotherapy in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: clinical, randomized trial.

Complete or incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent neurological deficits due to the interruption of nerve impulses, causing the loss of motor and sensory function, which leads to a reduction in quality of life. The focus of rehabilitation for such individuals is to improve quality of life and promote functional recovery. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has proved to be promising complementary treatment in cases of SCI.

Effects of photobiomodulation on interleukin-10 and nitrites in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - Randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the expression of IL-10 and nitrites in individuals with Relapsing-Remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), as these biomarkers play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of the disease. The modulation of IL-10 and nitrites through treatment with PBM may be a novel treatment modality for MS.

Methods: A randomized, uncontrolled, clinical trial was conducted involving 14 individuals with a diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting MS and a score of up to 6.

Effects of Photobiomodulation with Low-level Laser Therapy on Muscle Repair Following a Peripheral Nerve Injury in Wistar Rats.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can lead to sensory and/or motor impairment. As a treatment photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects in terms of the maintenance of muscle activation and trophism. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, injury, injury + PBMn (irradiation over injured nerve), injury + PBMm (irradiation over affected muscle) and injury + PBMnm (irradiation over nerve and muscle).

Effect of Photobiomodulation on C2C12 Myoblasts Cultivated in M1 Macrophage-conditioned Media.

Moderate levels of a proinflammatory macrophages phenotype are indispensable and play an important role in the skeletal muscle repair process since this response depends on their secreted products concentration to influence and modulate muscle inflammation as well as the differentiation of myoblasts. This study investigated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on undifferentiated and differentiation-induced C2C12 myoblasts cultivated in different concentrations of M1 phenotype macrophage-conditioned media of J774 cells (MCM1) also submitted to PBM using the same irradiation parameters. Irradiation was performed once with low-level laser (780 nm, 70 mW, 1 J) and was evaluated cell viability, proliferation and differentiation, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and IL-6 and TNF-α protein levels 24 and 48 h after C2C12 irradiation.

Effects of Photobiomodulation on Functionality in Wistar Rats with Sciatic Nerve Injury.

A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can result in motor or sensory disorders. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has demonstrated positive results as a treatment option for PNI. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, Injury, Injury + LLLTn (nerve), Injury + LLLTm (muscle) and Injury + LLLTn + m (nerve and muscle irradiation).

Effects of myogenic precursor cells (C2C12) transplantation and low-level laser therapy on muscle repair.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of myoblast inoculation in combination with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on skeletal muscle tissue following injury.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control-animals not submitted to any procedure; Injury-cryoinjury of the tibialis anterior muscle; HBSS-animals submitted to cryoinjury and intramuscular Hank's Balanced Salt Solution; Injury + Cells-animals submitted to cryoinjury, followed by myogenic precursor cells (C2C12) transplantation; Injury + Cells + LLLT-animals submitted to cryoinjury, followed by myogenic precursor cells (C2C12) transplantation and PBMT (780 nm, 40 mW, 3.2 J in 8 points).