Publications by authors named "Andreja Emersic"

Article Synopsis
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) currently lack effective treatments, with researchers exploring anti-diabetic drugs like GLP-1 and GIP agonists for potential therapeutic benefits.
  • A study assessed genetic variability in AD and PD by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and genotyping participants for specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Findings indicated that certain SNP genotypes are associated with higher risks for developing AD and PD, as well as links to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's biomarkers, suggesting a role for incretin receptors in neurodegeneration.*
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  • Research reveals that abnormal tau phosphorylation is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, particularly those with progressive forms of the disease.
  • A novel immunoassay technique was employed to analyze p-tau biomarkers in CSF samples from MS patients and those with non-inflammatory neurological disorders.
  • Results indicated higher levels of specific p-tau biomarkers in patients with progressive MS compared to those with relapsing forms, correlating with disease duration, age, and MRI lesion load.
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Objectives: The implementation of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) will require cost-effective diagnostic processes. As part of The Precision Medicine In AD consortium (PMI-AD) project, the aim is to analyze the baseline costs of diagnosing early AD at memory clinics in Norway, Slovenia, and the Netherlands.

Methods: The costs of cognitive testing and a clinical examination, apolipoprotein E, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), positron emission tomography and blood-based biomarkers (BBM), which are used in different combinations in the three countries, were analyzed.

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Introduction: The established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) may not reliably reflect concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary age-related tauopathy (PART) found in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) at autopsy.

Methods: We investigated CSF N-terminal p-tau181, p-tau217, and p-tau231 with in-house Simoa assays in definite CJD (n = 29), AD dementia (n = 75), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 65), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 28). Post-mortem examination performed in patients with CJD 1.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Slovenia has a population of 2.1 million and an estimated 44,278 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's dementia who could benefit from disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), like lecanemab.
  • - A study identified 114 individuals whose overall diagnostic expenses exceed €80,000 each, indicating high costs for treatment exploration.
  • - Nationwide treatment for all potential candidates could cost €1.06 billion, which is more than Slovenia's total medication budget for 2022 (€743 million), suggesting significant impacts on healthcare logistics and treatment approaches for Alzheimer's disease.
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Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, including p-tau217, show high associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologic change and clinical stage. Certain plasma p-tau217 assays recognize tau forms phosphorylated additionally at threonine-212, but the contribution of p-tau212 alone to AD is unknown. We developed a blood-based immunoassay that is specific to p-tau212 without cross-reactivity to p-tau217.

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  • Kappa free light chains (κ-FLC) in cerebrospinal fluid are being studied as a potential biomarker for diagnosing primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).
  • A study involving 174 PPMS patients across multiple countries found that the κ-FLC index was positive in 93% of cases compared to 88% for oligoclonal bands (OCB).
  • The results suggest that the κ-FLC index may be equally effective as OCB for diagnosing PPMS.
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Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, including p-tau217, show high associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologic change and clinical stage. Certain plasma p-tau217 assays recognize tau forms phosphorylated additionally at threonine-212, but the contribution of p-tau212 alone to AD is unknown. We developed a blood-based immunoassay that is specific to p-tau212 without cross-reactivity to p-tau217.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, with a complex genetic background. Apart from rare, familial cases, a combination of multiple risk loci contributes to the susceptibility of the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous AD risk loci.

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Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important processes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Numerous risk factors, including genetic background, can affect the complex interplay between those mechanisms in the aging brain and can also affect typical AD hallmarks: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our aim was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in oxidative stress- and inflammation-related genes with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels and cognitive test results.

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Metabolic brain biomarkers have been incorporated in various diagnostic guidelines of neurodegenerative diseases, recently. To improve their diagnostic accuracy a biologically and clinically homogeneous sample is needed for their identification. Alzheimer's disease-related pattern (ADRP) has been identified previously in cohorts of clinically diagnosed patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), meaning that its diagnostic accuracy might have been reduced due to common clinical misdiagnosis.

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Brain-derived tau secreted into CSF and blood consists of different N-terminal and mid-domain fragments, which may have a differential temporal course and thus, biomarker potential across the Alzheimer's disease continuum or in other neurological diseases. While current clinically validated total tau assays target mid-domain epitopes, comparison of these assays with new biomarkers targeting N-terminal epitopes using the same analytical platform may be important to increase the understanding of tau pathophysiology. We developed three total tau immunoassays targeting specific N-terminal (NTA and NTB total tau) or mid-region (MR total tau) epitopes, using single molecule array technology.

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Aim: To determine the influence of high-efficacy disease modifying therapy (DMT) on the development of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in COVID-19 convalescent people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Methods: Seventy-four pwMS taking high-efficacy DMTs (specifically natalizumab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, cladribine and ublituximab) and diagnosed with COVID-19 and 44 healthy persons (HC) were enrolled. SARS-CoV2 antibodies were tested with Elecsys® Anti-SARSCoV-2 S assay.

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Introduction: Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an established Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker. Novel immunoassays targeting N-terminal and mid-region p-tau181 and p-tau217 fragments are available, but head-to-head comparison in clinical settings is lacking.

Methods: N-terminal-directed p-tau217 (N-p-tau217), N-terminal-directed p-tau181 (N-p-tau181), and standard mid-region p-tau181 (Mid-p-tau181) biomarkers in CSF were evaluated in three cohorts (n = 503) to assess diagnostic performance, concordance, and associations with amyloid beta (Aβ).

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Background: It is still unknown if serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a useful marker in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Objective: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum GFAP in a large cohort of patients with FTLD.

Methods: In this retrospective study, performed on 406 participants, we measured serum GFAP concentration with an ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) method in patients with FTLD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in cognitively unimpaired elderly controls.

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The neuropathological confirmation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) remains the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nowadays, the in vivo diagnosis of AD is greatly aided by both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers. Although highly accurate, their broad implementation is restricted by high cost, limited accessibility and invasiveness.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a study of 417 participants, higher serum NfL levels were found in FTLD patients compared to healthy controls, while p-Tau levels were lower in FTLD patients compared to those with AD, making these markers useful for differentiation.
  • * NfL levels correlated with cognitive function and disease severity in FTLD patients, and were the strongest predictors of survival probability, suggesting NfL and p-Tau could enhance diagnosis and management of FTLD.
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Background: Detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specific oligoclonal bands (OCB) supports the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the method is technically demanding and gives only qualitative information. Kappa free light chains (KFLC) quantification could represent a convenient alternative. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of OCB and KFLC in our cohort to further estimate the gain in diagnostic performance when combining both of them.

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Decreased levels of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies have been reported, however, not consistently in all cross-sectional studies. To test the performance of one recently released human-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of aSyn in CSF, we carried out a round robin trial with 18 participating laboratories trained in CSF ELISA analyses within the BIOMARKAPD project in the EU Joint Program - Neurodegenerative Disease Research. CSF samples (homogeneous aliquots from pools) and ELISA kits (one lot) were provided centrally and data reported back to one laboratory for data analysis.

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