Non-Newtonian Dynamics in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes.

Water-in-salt electrolytes have attracted considerable interest in the past decade for advanced lithium-ion batteries, possessing important advantages over the non-aqueous electrolytes currently in use. A battery with a LiTFSI-water electrolyte was demonstrated in which an operating window of 3 V is made possible by a solid-electrolyte interface. Viscosity is an important property for such electrolytes, because high viscosity is normally associated with low ionic conductivity.

Overlapping double layers in electrokinetics of concentrated dispersions.

The traditional model of the Isolated Double Layer (DL) becomes inadequate in concentrated dispersions when the distance between particles becomes comparable to the Debye length and DLs overlap. The notion of "overlapping DLs" was introduced to Electrophoretic theory 60 years ago by Prof. T.

Rheology of non-Newtonian liquid mixtures and the role of molecular chain length.

We have examined mixtures of toluene, a Newtonian liquid, with several non-Newtonian liquids (i.e. surfactants) across the full composition range, from pure toluene to pure surfactant, for the purpose of exploring their rheological properties.

Adsorption of surfactant from non-polar liquid into porous material characterized using conductivity measurement.

Hypothesis: Surfactants cause ionization in non-polar liquids, enabling such liquids to become electrically conductive with that conductivity being a linear function of the surfactant concentration. Consequently, measurement of the conductivity can be used as a tool for monitoring surfactant concentration.

Experiments: We describe here a simple method for studying surfactant adsorption from oil into a porous material.

Optimal MEMS device for mobility and zeta potential measurements using DC electrophoresis.

We have developed a novel microchannel geometry that allows us to perform simple DC electrophoresis to measure the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of analytes and particles. In standard capillary geometries, mobility measurements using DC fields are difficult to perform. Specifically, measurements in open capillaries require knowledge of the hard to measure and often dynamic wall surface potential.

Ionization of a nonpolar liquid with an alcohol.

Nonpolar liquids whose dielectric permittivities are close to 2 have very low conductivities, usually below 10 × 10(-10) S/m. Their ionization is suppressed by the lack of solvation resulting from the negligible dipole moment of such liquids' molecules. Ionization could be enhanced by the addition of other substances that could serve as solvating agents, creating inverse micelles around ions and preventing them from reassociating into ion pairs and neutral molecules.

Critical concentration of ion-pairs formation in nonpolar media.

It is known that nonpolar liquids can be ionized by adding surfactants, either ionic or nonionic. Surfactant molecules serve as solvating agents, building inverse micelles around ions, and preventing their association back into neutral molecules. According to the Bjerrum-Onsager-Fuoss theory, these inverse micelle ions should form "ion pairs.

Seismoelectric effect: a non-isochoric streaming current. 1. Experiment.

Propagation of ultrasound through a porous body saturated with liquid generates an electric response. This electroacoustic effect is called the "seismoelectric current"; the reverse process, when an electric field is the driving force, is called the "electroseismic current." Seismoelectric currents can be measured with electroacoustic devices originally designed for characterizing liquid dispersions.

Bulk viscosity and compressibility measurement using acoustic spectroscopy.

Bulk viscosity is a somewhat obscure parameter that appears in the hydrodynamic equations for Newtonian liquids when compressibility is important and, together with the dynamic viscosity, controls sound attenuation. Whereas dynamic viscosity reflects only "translational" molecular motion, in contrast the bulk viscosity reflects the relaxation of both "rotational" and "vibrational" degrees of molecular freedom. Several molecular theories yield predictive expressions for both bulk and dynamic viscosities, but experimentally the situation is quite out of balance, in that there is extensive data for the dynamic viscosity of all sorts of liquids, but a paucity of data for bulk viscosity, just a few values for water and a handful of exotic liquids.

Observation of sol-gel transition for carbon nanotubes using electroacoustics: colloid vibration current versus streaming vibration current.

Propagation of ultrasound through a porous body generates an electric signal, similarly to the well-known electroacoustic effect in dispersions of mobile particles. This obscure version of electroacoustics has been known since 1948, when M. Williams published his paper on electrokinetic transducers [M.

Ultrasonic characterization of proteins and blood cells.

Ultrasound changes its intensity and speed when propagating through a liquid or a suspension containing particles. In addition it generates a weak electric signal by altering the motion of ions and charged particles. Hence acoustic and electroacoustic measurements provide information about the properties of suspended particles and molecules.

Aperiodic capillary electrophoresis method using an alternating current electric field for separation of macromolecules.

Switching from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) electric fields has provided substantial improvements in various instrument techniques that use electric fields for manipulating with various liquid-based systems. For example, AC fields are now used in both light scattering and electroacoustic instruments for measuring xi-potential, largely replacing more traditional microelectrophoresis techniques that use DC fields. In this paper, we suggest a novel way to make a similar transition in the area of separation techniques, capillary electrophoresis (CE) in particular.

Multilaboratory study of the shifts in the IEP of anatase at high ionic strengths.

The zeta-potentials of anatase at pH 2-11 in 0.1, 0.3, 0.