Diagnostic methods for the etiological assessment of infectious corneal pathology (Review).

Infectious keratitis is a leading cause of visual morbidity, including blindness, all across the globe, especially in developing countries. Prompt and adequate treatment is mandatory to maintain corneal integrity and to recover the best possible final visual acuity. Although in most of the cases practitioners chose to employ empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial medication that is usually effective, in some instances, they face the need to identify the causative agent to establish the appropriate therapy.

Challenges in HIV-Negative Cytomegalovirus Retinitis - case report.

We present the case of a 20-year-old girl with severe combined seronegative immunodeficiency who developed a bilateral decrease in visual acuity due to retinal necrosis. After further investigations, increased serological viral levels of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected and confirmed the diagnosis of CMV retinitis in both eyes. After three weeks of systemic therapy with oral valganciclovir, her condition improved, with the best corrected visual acuity of the most affected eye changing from finger counting at presentation to 6/ 12.

Preoperative antisepsis in ophthalmic surgery (a review).

Endophthalmitis remains a serious complication following intraocular procedures. Preoperative prophylactic measures for endophthalmitis decrease the morbidity associated with this disease and represent a standard of care prior to ophthalmic surgery. The literature supports as measures for ocular antisepsis: povidone-iodine solution for ocular surface preparation, chlorhexidine in patients with iodine allergy and application of topical antibiotics.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in child.

We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with bilateral papilledema, relating moderate symptomatology and without an important medical history. Ophthalmological examination revealed a significant alteration of visual acuity, an important papilledema and macular edema in both eyes. Further investigations excluded infectious and autoimmune diseases, intracranial masses and congenital affliction.