Full publication of preprint articles in prevention research: an analysis of publication proportions and results consistency.

There is concern that preprint articles will lead to an increase in the amount of scientifically invalid work available. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of prevention preprints published within 12 months, the consistency of the effect estimates and conclusions between preprint and published articles, and the reasons for the nonpublication of preprints. Of the 329 prevention preprints that met our eligibility criteria, almost half (48.

Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: A Living, Rapid Evidence Review for the American College of Physicians (Version 2).

Background: Clinicians and patients want to know the benefits and harms of outpatient treatment options for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose: To assess the benefits and harms of 22 different COVID-19 treatments.

Data Sources: The Epistemonikos COVID-19 L·OVE platform, the iSearch COVID-19 portfolio, and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Research Database from 26 November 2021 to 2 March 2023.

Evaluation of the interim Cochrane rapid review methods guidance-A mixed-methods study on the understanding of and adherence to the guidance.

The Cochrane Rapid Review Methods Group (RRMG) first released interim guidance in March 2020 to support authors in conducting rapid reviews (RRs). The objective of this mixed-methods study was to assess the adherence and investigate authors' understanding of the RRMG guidance. We identified all documents citing the Interim Cochrane RRMG guidance up to February 17, 2022 and performed an exploratory adherence analysis.

Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatments of Adult Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for a Clinical Guideline by the American College of Physicians.

Background: Primary care patients and clinicians may prefer alternative options to second-generation antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Purpose: To compare the benefits and harms of nonpharmacologic treatments with second-generation antidepressants as first-step interventions for acute MDD, and to compare second-step treatment strategies for patients who did not achieve remission after an initial attempt with antidepressants.

Data Sources: English-language studies from several electronic databases from 1 January 1990 to 8 August 2022, trial registries, gray literature databases, and reference lists to identify unpublished research.

Values and Preferences of Patients With Depressive Disorders Regarding Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments : A Rapid Review.

Background: Developers of clinical practice guidelines need to take patient values and preferences into consideration when weighing benefits and harms of treatment options for depressive disorder.

Purpose: To assess patient values and preferences regarding pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments of depressive disorder.

Data Sources: MEDLINE (Ovid) and PsycINFO (EBSCO) were searched for eligible studies published from 1 January 2014 to 30 November 2022.

Cost-Effectiveness of First- and Second-Step Treatment Strategies for Major Depressive Disorder : A Rapid Review.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent, disabling form of depression, with a high economic effect.

Purpose: To assess evidence on cost-effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions as first- and second-step treatments in patients with MDD.

Data Sources: Multiple electronic databases limited to English language were searched (1 January 2015 to 29 November 2022).

Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: A Living, Rapid Review for the American College of Physicians.

Background: Clinicians and patients want to know the benefits and harms of outpatient treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose: To assess the benefits and harms of 12 different COVID-19 treatments in the outpatient setting.

Data Sources: Epistemonikos COVID-19 L·OVE Platform, searched on 4 April 2022.

Characteristics and recovery methods of studies falsely excluded during literature screening-a systematic review.

Background: Due to the growing need to provide evidence syntheses under time constraints, researchers have begun focusing on the exploration of rapid review methods, which often employ single-reviewer literature screening. However, single-reviewer screening misses, on average, 13% of relevant studies, compared to 3% with dual-reviewer screening. Little guidance exists regarding methods to recover studies falsely excluded during literature screening.

Assessing the magnitude of reporting bias in trials of homeopathy: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To assess the magnitude of reporting bias in trials assessing homeopathic treatments and its impact on evidence syntheses.

Design: A cross-sectional study and meta-analysis. Two persons independently searched Clinicaltrials.

Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To support the WHO with their recommendations on quarantine, we conducted a rapid review on the effectiveness of quarantine during severe coronavirus outbreaks.

Objectives: To assess the effects of quarantine (alone or in combination with other measures) of individuals who had contact with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, who travelled from countries with a declared outbreak, or who live in regions with high disease transmission.

Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Patients With Acute Dyspnea: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline by the American College of Physicians.

Background: Dyspnea is a common and often debilitating symptom with a complex diagnostic work-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the benefits, harms, and diagnostic test accuracy of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in patients with acute dyspnea. (PROSPERO: CRD42019126419).

Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a rapid review.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild disease with unspecific symptoms, but about 5% become critically ill with respiratory failure, septic shock and multiple organ failure. An unknown proportion of infected individuals never experience COVID-19 symptoms although they are infectious, that is, they remain asymptomatic.

Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children.

Background: Lead exposure is a serious health hazard, especially for children. It is associated with physical, cognitive and neurobehavioural impairment in children. There are many potential sources of lead in the environment, therefore trials have tested many household interventions to prevent or reduce lead exposure.

Abbreviated and comprehensive literature searches led to identical or very similar effect estimates: a meta-epidemiological study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of treatment effect estimates from meta-analyses based on abbreviated or comprehensive literature searches.

Study Design And Setting: This was a meta-epidemiological study. We abbreviated 47 comprehensive Cochrane review searches and searched MEDLINE/Embase/CENTRAL alone, in combination, with/without checking references (658 new searches).

Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease that has been classified a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To support WHO with their recommendations on quarantine, we conducted a rapid review on the effectiveness of quarantine during severe coronavirus outbreaks.

Objectives: We conducted a rapid review to assess the effects of quarantine (alone or in combination with other measures) of individuals who had contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19, who travelled from countries with a declared outbreak, or who live in regions with high transmission of the disease.

Assessing the accuracy of machine-assisted abstract screening with DistillerAI: a user study.

Background: Web applications that employ natural language processing technologies to support systematic reviewers during abstract screening have become more common. The goal of our project was to conduct a case study to explore a screening approach that temporarily replaces a human screener with a semi-automated screening tool.

Methods: We evaluated the accuracy of the approach using DistillerAI as a semi-automated screening tool.

What if body fat percentage association with FINDRISC score leads to a better prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Introduction: Nowadays, the efforts regarding the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are focused on decreasing overweight, obesity and visceral fat accumulation or percent body fat (PBF) risk factors.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for measuring PBF could be a reliable method to improve risk assessment of T2DM. Participants, Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study performed in 2016 enrolled 341 healthy medical students from western Romania, aged 18 to 44 years old, 143 females and 198 males.

Increased risks for random errors are common in outcomes graded as high certainty of evidence.

Objectives: The aim of article was to assess the risk for random errors in outcomes graded as high certainty of evidence (CoE).

Study Design And Setting: We randomly selected 100 Cochrane reviews with dichotomous outcomes rated as high CoE using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. To detect increased risks for random errors, two investigators independently conducted trial sequential analysis using conventional thresholds for type I (α = 0.

Abbreviated literature searches were viable alternatives to comprehensive searches: a meta-epidemiological study.

Objective: To assess the effects of abbreviated literature searches on evidence syntheses conclusions.

Study Design And Setting: We randomly selected 60 Cochrane reviews of clinical interventions and repeated literature searches using 14 abbreviated approaches (combinations of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL with and without searches of reference lists). If abbreviated searches missed included studies, we recalculated meta-analyses.