Comprehensive management of congenital choanal atresia.

Objectives: To present results of a one-stage minimally invasive surgical procedure for congenital choanal atresia (CCA). Seven outcome measures were applied.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study conducted between 1999 and 2015.

Heparin Reversal After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Are Point-of-Care Coagulation Tests Interchangeable?

Objective: Protamine is used to neutralize heparin after patient separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Different bedside tests are used to monitor the adequacy of heparin neutralization. For this study, the interchangeability of the activated coagulation time (ACT) and thromboelastometry (ROTEM; Tem Innovations GmbH, Basel, Switzerland) clotting time (CT) ratios in children undergoing cardiac surgery was assessed.

Impact of On-Bypass Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Severe Postoperative Morbidity or Mortality in Children.

Background: Children undergoing cardiac surgery are frequently exposed to red blood cell (RBC) transfusions mainly in the case of hemorrhage or low oxygen transport. However, in this population, RBCs are sometimes added to the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming solution to maintain a predefined hematocrit on bypass. In this study, we investigated the impact of RBCs added to the CPB on severe postoperative morbidity or mortality.

Remifentanil versus morphine-midazolam premedication on the quality of endotracheal intubation in neonates: a noninferiority randomized trial.

Objective: To compare remifentanil and morphine-midazolam for use in nonurgent endotracheal intubation in neonates.

Study Design: In this prospective noninferiority randomized trial, newborns of gestational age ≥28 weeks admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit requiring an elective or semielective endotracheal intubation were divided into 2 groups. One group (n = 36) received remifentanil (1 μg/kg), and the other group (n = 35) received morphine (100 μg/kg) and midazolam (50 μg/kg) at a predefined time before intubation (different in each group), to optimize the peak effect of each drug.

Plasma fibrinogen concentration is correlated with postoperative blood loss in children undergoing cardiac surgery. A retrospective review.

Background: Fibrinogen supplementation is increasingly recommended with the use of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). However, data regarding the paediatric population are sparse.

Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship between plasma fibrinogen concentration and postoperative blood loss in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

The indication for perioperative red blood cell transfusions is a predictive risk factor for severe postoperative morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objectives: In paediatric cardiac surgery, red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are given to treat haemorrhage or to increase oxygen delivery (therapeutic transfusion). Sometimes, RBCs are added to the prime solution to avoid a too low haematocrit on bypass (CPB-driven transfusion). Our study investigated whether the reason for RBC transfusion might affect severe postoperative morbidity or mortality.

Six percent hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven®) versus 5% human serum albumin for volume replacement therapy during elective open-heart surgery in pediatric patients.

Background: Although 5% albumin (human serum albumin [HSA]) is widely used in cardiac surgery children, synthetic colloids may provide a valuable alternative. This study compared 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 with HSA for volume replacement in this population.

Perioperative volume replacement in children undergoing cardiac surgery: albumin versus hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.

Objective: To compare 4% albumin with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 in terms of perioperative blood loss and intraoperative fluid requirements in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Design: Prospective randomized study.